Biology 523 - Protein Synthesis-Part 1
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 protein synthesis | process of creating a protein |
| transcription | process of creating an mRNA molecule from one strand of DNA |
| transcription | DNA --> mRNA |
| nucleus | location of transcription |
| translation | process in which the mRNA code is used to create a protein |
| ribosome | organelles which create proteins; also the location of translation |
| amino acids | linked together to create a protein |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome |
| codon | three consecutive bases on an mRNA that codes for one amino acid |
| anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary (match) to an mRNA codon |
| uracil | nitrogenous base in RNA that replaces thymine |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme which binds to the DNA strand, separates, and then uses one strand of the DNA to assemble an RNA strand |
| promoter | A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA. |
| introns | intervening sequences of RNA molecules that are removed before a eukaryotic gene becomes functional |
| exons | expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein, which are spliced together to form the final mRNA |
| initiation codon | A special codon (usually AUG) used to start synthesis of a polypeptide. |
| termination codon | One of the three codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) that signal the termination of translation of a polypeptide. |
| P site | binding site on a ribosome that holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain |
| A site | binding site on a ribosome that holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the chain |
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