36 terms

Terms	Definitions
bubonic plague	Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people
black death	...
high middle ages	1000-1300
Renaissance	the revival of learning and culture; rebirth of the arts
Reformation	a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
Jerusalem	A city in the Holy Land, regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
Crusades	A series of holy wars undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Pope Urban II	pope who called for the first crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims
First Crusade	Only successful crusade, called on by Pope Urban II; Drive of the Seljuk Turks out of Jerusalem
Second Crusade	UNSUCCESSFUL Crusade, Seljuk Turks take back jerusalem.
Third Crusade	Crusade led by King Richard the Lionhearted to recapture the city of Jerusalem from Islamic forces led by Saladin; failed in attempt.
Saladin	Powerful muslim leader during the Third Crusade
Emperor Frederick Barbarossa	Holy Roman Emperor, died during the Third Crusade
King Philip (Augustus)	King of France that left the Third Crusade leaving Richard I to lead the Crusaders
Richard I (Lionhearted)	Eldest son of Henry II; Leader in the Third Crusade
Fourth Crusade	a Crusade that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople; failure to recapture Jerusalem
Flanders	Trade and manufacturing city, bordered the English Channel and the Atlantic. Main City was Calais
Barter System	an economic system in which goods or services are traded without the exchange of money
Money Economy	an economic system based on money, rather than barter
Guilds	Association of Merchants or Artisans that produce or deal with same sort of products for purposes of protecting their economic interests
Apprentice	One who works with Artisans/Merchants for no pay to learn the work
Journeyman	Payed worker who was employed by a guild master
Master	...
Burghers	A citizen of a town or city, typically a member of the wealthy bourgeoisie.
Burgesses	A member of Parliament for a borough, corporate town, or university.
Bourgeoisie	The Middle Class
Charter	A document issued by sovereign/state; A written grant by a country's legislative or sovereign power
Vernacular	the everyday speech of the people; the original language of an area
Dante Alighieri	an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy
The Divine Comedy	Poem by Dante Alighieri
Geoffrey Chaucer	English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales
The Canterbury Tales	written by Geoffrey Chaucer
Romanesque	Style of architecture using round arches, domes, thick walls, and small windows
Gothic	Style of architecture; used flying buttresses that enabled thinner walls to be built, allowing for taller and heavier buildings
Flying Buttresses	stone support on the outside of a building that allowed builders to construct higher walls and leave space for large stained-glass windows
Notre Dame	a famous early gothic cathedral in Paris

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