7.2 Anatomy and Physiology
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Created by:
natali3t33 on March 1, 2012
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Endocrine system
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adrenal cortex | outer portion of the adrenal glands |
| adrenal medulla | inner portion of the adrenal glands |
| androgen | adrenocortical hormone(testosterone) that stimulates secondary male sex characteristics |
| antagonist | one process or agent that works against another |
| calcitonin | hormone that increases calcium in bone and lowers the calcium in blood |
| catecholamine | hormones secreted in times of stress; epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine |
| colloid | yellowish, translucent substance that resembles glue |
| endocrine gland | type of gland that secretes hormones directly into ductless glands |
| estrogen | hormone that stimulates secondary sex characteristics; controls the menstrual cycle |
| exocrine gland | gland that secretes outwardly through ducts |
| glucagon | hormone secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas to cause the increase in blood glucose |
| glucocorticoid | steroid hormones |
| homeostasis | state of having all body functions in balance |
| hormone | chemical substance secreted by specific organs and glands and carried into the bloodstream to stimulate another organ |
| hyperglycemia | increased glucose concentration in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | decreased glucose concentration in the bloodq |
| hypothalamus | area of the brain that stimulates target organs to secrete hormones; located inferior to the thalamus |
| insulin | hormone secreted by the islets of langerhans of the pancreas; promotes the use of glucose in the body, protein synthesis, and fat utilization |
| islets of langerhans | little masses of cells resmbling islands in the pancreas that secrete the hormone insulin |
| isthmus | narrow area that connects two larger parts |
| melatonin | hormone, secreted by the pineal gland, concerned with circadian rhythm ( the bodys mechanism to differentiate day and night) |
| metabolism | process that causes chemical change in the body |
| mineralocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; influences sodium (salt) metabolism |
| negative feedback | process that controls hormone production in response to the hormone level in the blood |
| ovary | female reproductive gland (paired) |
| pancreas | gland that extends from the duodenum to the spleen; exocrine portion secretes pancreatic juices directly into the intestine; endocrine portion secretes insulin and glucagon |
| parathyroid | gland adjacent to the thyroid that secretes parathormone, the hormone that regulates calcium level in the blood |
| pineal body | pinecone-shaped gland located in the center of the brain that secrets melatonin |
| placenta | organ that provides transfer of substances between the fetus and the mother |
| progesterone | steroid hormone secreted by the ovary and placenta; available as synthetic agent |
| prototype | the first form or type from which others are copied |
| somatostatin | hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that inhibits growth hormone release |
| testis | male reproductive glands located within the scrotum; male gonads; testicles |
| testosterone | androgen hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser degree by the ovaries and adrenal cortex |
| thymosin | hormone (of the thymus gland) that stimulates the thymus to release its hormone |
| thymus | lymphoid organ located behind the mediastinum; functions in the development of the immune system until puberty |
| thyroid | gland in the neck that secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine |
| thyroxine | hormone secreted by the thyroid gland |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | hormone secreted by the thyroid gland |
| tropic hormones | pituitary hormones that affect growth or function of other glands |
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