Marine Biology: Phylum Porifera
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are characteristics all animals share? | 1. multicellular 2. eukaryotic - lack cell walls 3. heterotrophic 4. ability to actively move |
| Invertebrate | animal with no vertebrate column |
| Porifera characteristics | no true tissues; cannot move (sessile); asymmetric |
| sessile | animals that are permanently attached to a solid surface |
| What trait separate sponges from other phyla? | they have no true tissues |
| ostia | pores through which water circulates |
| tissue | group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function |
| spongocoel | cavity which water fills |
| osculum | water exits through this opening after flowing through sponocoel |
| choanocyte | cell with flagellum (collar cell) |
| pinococytes | layer of cells functioning as outer covering of sponge |
| archaeocytes | cells resembling amoebas, that move through body of the sponge; responsible for repair and regeneration; transport food and other materials |
| spicules | skeletal elements that give support to the sponge's body; composed of calcium carbonate, silica, or protein called spongin |
| spongin | protein forms flexible fibers |
| asconoid | simplest form of a sponge; tubular and small; increased growth, sponocoel increases - bigger = not enough collar cells to move sufficient amount of water because no increase in surface area |
| Filter Feeder | organism that filters its food from the water |
| budding | form of asexual reproduction in which the unequal division of the adult produces two individuals |
| hermaphrodite | an animal that posses both male and female sex organs |
| syconoid | first stages of body-wall folding; internal pockets lined with collar cells |
| leuconoid | highest degree of body-wall folding; many chambers lined with collar cells; multiple oscula |
| suspension feeders | animals that feed on organisms suspended in seawater |
| how do sponges get nutrients? | filter feeders and suspension feeders; rely on the flow of H2O through choanocyte collar cells |
| How do sponges reproduce? | See page 195 |
| What ecological roles do sponges play? | recycling of Ca; can create toxins to kill corals because of competition for space; produce chemicals that deter grazing; hosts to organisms (mutualism, commensalism) |
| what is size determined by? | the ability to circulate water |
| porocyte | water comes in through this opening |
| Bernoulli's Principle | faster moving = less pressure; allows planes to fly; see diagram in notebook; ergo: sponges usually found in areas of high current because the water is then forced up through the sponge |
| reliance for H2O flow | 1. Bernoulli's Principle 2. Beating of flagella by collar cells |
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