1.
2 types of ciliates in nuclei: macronucleus
micronucleus
2.
2 types of cytoplasm: ectoplasm
endoplasm
3.
3 habitats of protists: freshwater
terrestrial
marine
4.
3 phyllia of multicellular algae: red algae
brown algae
green algae
5.
3 types of protists: plant, animal, and fungi like
6.
4 phyllia of unicellular algae: euglenoids
diatoms
dinoflagellates
green algae
7.
4 types of algae: filamentous, unicellular, colonial, and multicellular
8.
algae: major producer of oxygen
major food source in water ecosystems
9.
algae: cholorphyll a
aquatic
have flagella
contain pyrenoids
synthesize and store starch
10.
algae: many sizes
autotrophic
11.
algae: major producer of oxygen, major food source in water ecosystems
12.
algae structure: chloroplasts
photosynthetic
no true roots, stems or leaves
plantlike
13.
all diatoms: major part of phytoplankton, producer in both aquatic and marine food webs (at the base of the food web), release oxygen.
14.
amebiasis: a fatal disease started in the intenstine and caused by an amoeba living there
15.
amoeba feeding: phagocytosis
16.
amoeba movement: psuedopod
17.
amoeba reproduction: asexually (binary fission)
18.
anal pore: releases waste
19.
animal like protists: protozoa
unicellular
moves without cilia or flagella
20.
another name for psuedopodia movement: amoeboid movement
21.
asexual reproduction: binary and multiple fission
22.
brown algae: multicellular, contain chlorophyls - mostly brown, mostly marine, plant like (seaweed/kelps), most common around rocky coasts.
23.
centric diatoms: circular or triangular shells - marine environments
24.
characteristics of algae: 1. most are aquatic
2. have flagella at some point in the life cycle
3. contain pyrenoids
25.
characteristics of kingdom protista: most are unicellular
eukaryotic organisms
habitat
26.
cilia: protein hairs used in movement and feeding
27.
ciliates: use conjugation and meiosis
28.
colonial algae: groups of cells acting in a coordinated manner - some cells become specialized. divisions of labor allows algae to move, feed, and reproduce efficiently
29.
contractile vaculoes: squeeze water out of the cell
30.
contractile vacuole: opens and closes to primarily remove water and waste
31.
cytoplasmic streaming: ectoplasm pushes pellicle out, then endoplasm fills the space in
32.
cytoplasmic streaming: movement of the cytoplasm into the psuedopod
33.
diatoms: unicellular, form shells(the cell wall), made of 2 pieces that form together like a box and lid, used in toothpaste.
34.
Dinoflagellates: unicellular, 2 flagellum, cell walls are made of cellulose, most are photosynthetic autotrophs, some are red - produce toxins like red tide
35.
does the ameba proteus have more then one pseudopod?: yes
36.
eats both plants and animals: paramecium
37.
ectoplasm: outlines the protist, creates the psuedopod, thinner
38.
endoplasm: the inside of the protist, fills the psuedopod, thicker
39.
euglena feeding: autotrophic -> photosynthesis
40.
euglena in the dark: heterotrophic
have chloroplasts
41.
euglena movement: 2 flagella
42.
euglenoids: both plant and animal like, autotrophic, no cell wall.
move fast, live in digestive tracts of certain animals, abundant in water, flexible, have a pellicle.
43.
example of a multicellular algae: ulva or maerocystis pryrifera (giant algae)
44.
example of colonial algae: volvox
45.
example of filamentous algae: spirogyra
46.
example of unicellular algae: chlamydomonas
47.
eyespot: detects light
48.
filamentous algae: have slender, rod shaped body - tows of cells joined end to end
49.
foraminifera: in oceans, many shells of calcium carbonate. the shells collect and over time create limestone
50.
freshwater: aquatic
51.
function of fungus like protists: break down organic materials to obtain energy
52.
fungus like protists: break down organic materials to obtain energy - examples: molds and mildews
53.
gametangia: single-celled gamete chambers
54.
golden algae: aquatic, can be used to create oil- petroleum deposits
55.
green algae: chlorophylls a and b
carotenoids
cell walls made of cellulose
corals and lichens
56.
how carbohydrates are made: light energy
water molecules
carbon dioxide
57.
how many parts are there in a cytoplasm of the ameba proteus?: 2 - ectoplasm and endoplasm
58.
how protists are defined: exclusion
59.
how protists move: temporarily extending structures by called psuedopodia
60.
how psuedopodia form: cytoplasm flows forward to create a blunt, arm like extension
61.
how sacodines feed: surround the food with protozoa, trap the food in a vesicle, release an enzyme to digest food
62.
kelp: multicellular algae
63.
kingdom eubacteria after endosymbiosis: kingdom protista
64.
land: terrestrial
65.
large flagella: moves the organism
66.
macronucleus: metabolic functions
67.
many are autotrophs: protists
68.
many are photosynthetic: protists
69.
micronucleus: used in reproduction through conjugation
70.
most diverse type of eukaryotes: protists
71.
multicellular algae: have a leaf like body
72.
ocean: marine
73.
paramecium: most common ciliate
74.
paramecium feeding: oral groove -> mouth pore -> gullet -> food vacuole
75.
paramecium movement: cilia
76.
paramecium reproduction: asexually (binary fission)
OR
sexually (conjugation)
77.
pellicle: protein covering, cell membrane of the amoeba
78.
pennate diatoms: rectangular shaped - aquatic environments
79.
phagocytosis: absorbs things into the membrane of the cell by surrounding food in the membrane and pinching off inside the membrane
80.
plant like protists: algae
81.
protist structure: eukaryotic cells
nucleus
organelles
sometimes live ones have mitchondria
82.
protists: single or multicellular organisms that generally do not fit in any other kingdom
83.
protozoan: animal like protist
84.
psuedopod: false foot
85.
psuedopod functions: moves
feeds
phagocytosis
86.
psuedopodia: large, rounded cytoplasmic extensions that help moving and feeding
87.
pyrenoids: organelles that synthesize the store starch
88.
red tide: always there, just not enough to cause problems. infects shellfish but not enough to make them sick. posions humans when they eat the infected fish. the poison makes humans sick and you can die.
89.
sexual reproduction: conjugation (two protists join, exchange genetic information, and divide into 4 parts)
90.
similar to protists: bacteria and cyanobacteria
91.
small flagella: used in steering
92.
structures of brown algae: thallus, holdfast, stipe, blade.
93.
thallus: plantlike body portion of seaweed
94.
thallus of brown algae: is made up of all the other parts. the blade is the top part. stipe is the stem like part in the middle. the holdfast is used to anchor the kelp to something at the bottom of the ocean/sea.
95.
trichocysts: needle like structures used for protection
96.
two types of diatoms: centric
pennate
97.
unicellular algae: most are aquatic - make up phytoplankton (photosynthetic) organisms that form the foundation of aquatic food chains (make up 1/2 the worlds carbohydrates). major producer of oxygen.
98.
unicellular algae: phytoplankton
99.
volvox: several cells in a larger body with labor division
100.
what causes red tide?: when there are lots of dinoflagellates in the water and the temperature increases - the can divide/multiply a lot quicker. also when theres a lot of pollutions in the water.
101.
when protists emerged: 2 billion years ago
102.
where organelles are from: endosymbiosis
103.
why aren't algae considered plants?: 1. don't have different types of tissue - algae has all the same.
2. form gametes in unicellular gametangia(gamete chamber) in plants there is a multicellular gametangia
