AP Biology: Plant Test One
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Taproot | One main root with many small roots branching out |
| Fibrous Root | There is no main root; good for water absorption. Holds onto the soil well, so it's good for controlling erosion. |
| Adventitious Root | A type of root that grows off of fallen trees. |
| Roothairs | Tiny projections that increase surface area on the root. Like villi and microvilli |
| Blade | The part of a leaf that is often misidentified as the leaf |
| Petiole | The part of the leaf that intersects the stem |
| Flowers | Modified leaves that facilitate reproductions |
| Palisade Mesophyll | The upper mesophyll, closest to the cuticle |
| Dermal Tissue | Tissue that makes up the outer covering of the plant |
| Ground Tissue | Everything other than vascular and dermal tissue |
| Vascular Tissue | Tissue involved in transport (xylem & phloem) |
| Tonoplast | Large central vacuole for photosynthesis |
| Leucoplast | For starch storage (also a vacuole) |
| Parenchyma | The photosynthetic cells with thin walls |
| Collenchyma | Thick walls and elongated cells for structural support |
| Sclerenchyma | These cells are supporting cells, when they're dead |
| Apical Meristems | Where plant growth occurs in the vertical direction. In the roots and the shoots (buds) |
| Lateral Meristem, Vascular Cambium | Allows the plant to grow wider |
| Zone of Cell Division | The lowest part of the root near the apical meristem that allows for cell divison |
| Zone of Elongation | The longest part of the root where the cells begin to grow, elongate, and specialize. |
| Zone of Differentiation (Maturation) | The part of the root where the cells are fully specialized |
| Cork Cambium | It produces the epidermis for the tree, which is known as bark. |
| Apoplast Pathway | Pathway in which water travels between cells. |
| Symplast Pathway | Pathway in which water travels through cells. |
| Casparian Strip | A line of cells that only allow water to pass through them, not between them. Allows for the cells to control water loss and water gain. |
| Tracheids | Cells found in the xylem that all plants have |
| Vessel Elements | Cells found in the xylem that some plants have. |
| Turgid | When a cell is full of water. |
| Flaccid | When a cell is void water. |
| Abscisic Acid | A substance that acts on guard cells that force them to close. |
| Sieve Tube Elements | Phloem cells without nucleus or tonoplast (central vacuole) that are used for food transport. |
| Companion Cells | Phloem cells that support the sieve tube elements by providing proteins for function, and serve as sources for food that needs to be transported. |
| Translocation | Food transport in the phloem is called this. |
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