Basic Anatomy of the Brain
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hindbrain | consists of medulla, pons and cerebellum (rhombencephalon) |
| brainstem | medulla, pons, and midbrain |
| medulla | controls breathing, heart rate, vomiting, coughing, and other vital reflexes through cranial nerves |
| pons | "bridge", contains nuclei for several cranial nerves, axons cross midline of brain |
| Reticular Formation and Raphe Sytem | attention and arousal; lie in both pons and medulla |
| Cerebellum | "little brain"; organizes sensory information which guides movement |
| Midbrain | mesencephalon |
| Tectum | "roof"; includes superior colliculus (visual) and inferior colliculus (auditory) |
| tegmentum | "covering"; includes III and IV cranial nerve nuclei, part of reticular formation |
| substania nigeria | contains dopamine neurons |
| Forebrain | consists of cerebral hemispheres, which receive contralateral sensory info and controls contralateral movement |
| Limbic System | emotional, motivational, and learning; includes olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus |
| thalamus | main source of information to the cerebral cortex, most sensory information processed here first |
| hypothalamus | sends message to pituitary glands altering its release of hormones; motivated behavior (eating, drinking, etc.) and temperature regulation |
| pituitary gland | endocrine gland (hormone producing) attached to hypothalamus base |
| basal ganglia | caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus |
| basal forebrain | nuclues basalis, a key part in brain's arousal system |
| hippocampus | new memory storage |
| cerebral cortex | outer portion of forebrain; associated with higher functions including speech, memory, and visual processing |
| parietal lobe function | sense of touch from postcentral gyrus and motor control from precentral gyrus |
| temporal lobe function | auditory info., sense of smell, aspects of learning and memory |
| occipital lobe function | receive and process visual information |
| corpus callosum | C-shaped bundle of axons that connects the cerebral hemispheres |
| cranial nerves | sensory and motor systems of the head, connected directly to the brain |
| 12 pairs of cranial nerves | 1. Olfactory - sense of smell 2. Optic - vision 3. Oculomotor - eye movements 4. Trochlear - eye movements 5. Trigeminal - somatic sensation from face 6. Abducens - eye movements 7. Facial - facial movements 8. Auditory/Vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance 9. Glossopharyngeal - some taste 10. Vagus - vocal cords, swallowing 11. Spinal accessory - shoulder and neck muscles 12. Hypoglossal - tongue movements |
| Sylvian fissure | demarcates temporal lobes |
| central sulcus | divides frontal and parietal lobes |
| frontal lobe functions | contains primary motor cortex and and prefrontal cortex; fine motor control, receives information from all senses |
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