Chapter 4-Prokaryotes
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Glycolalyx, types of, flagella, non-motile extensions | External structures of Prokaryotic Cells |
| Glycolalyx | gelatinous sticky substance that coats the outside of the cell |
| capsule, slime layer | types of gycocalyces |
| capsule | coating made of organized, repeating units of organic chemicals on the cell's surface |
| function of capsule | keeps cell from drying out, protecting cell from BODY'S DEFENSES |
| slime layer | loose water soluble glycocalyx |
| function of slime layer | protects cell from drying out, attach to sufaces |
| flagella | long extensions that propel cell |
| fimbriae, pili | non-motile extensions |
| fimbriae | attachment, short bristle-like projections |
| pili | hollow tube, conjugation |
| external structures, prokaryotic cell walls, cell membrane, internal structures, shape | Structures of Prokaryotic Cells |
| G+ | thick layer of peptidoglycan |
| G- | thin layer of peptidoglycan |
| peptidoglycan | a cell wall of prokaryotic cells are made of |
| osmotic forces, antibacterial drugs | cell wall of prokaryotic cells protects from |
| structure and shape | cell wall of prokaryotic cells provide |
| function of cell wall | allows prokaryotic cells to attach to one another |
| cell membrane | phospholipid bilayer |
| internal structure of prokaryotic cells | no true nucleus, no membrane bound organelles |
| cocci, bacilli, spiral | shapes of prokaryotic cells |
| cocci | round |
| bacilli | rod shaped (corkscrew) |
| spirilli | spiral |
| binary fission | asexual reproduction of bacterial cells |
| chromosome is replicated | step 1 of binary fission |
| cell cleaves, septum forms | step 2 of binary fission |
| new cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall form a long midline | step 3 of binary fission |
| two identical daughter cells result | step 4 of binary fission |
| process is repeated | step 5 of binary fission |
| 20 minutes | growth of bacterial populations occur every how often |
| generation time | how long it takes for the cells to double in number |
| pathogenic bacteria | can cause disease in several different ways |
| toxins, tissue damage, biofilms | pathogenic bacteria can cause disease by |
| in the gut, in decomposition, symbiosis in nature | benefits of bacteria |
| immune system | bacteria in the gut stimulate what |
| vitamin precursors | bacteria in the gut produce enzymes that help in digestion called |
| helps fight pathogenic bacteria | create acidic environment---> |
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