Anatomy-posterior neck and back

5 Written Questions

1. action: medially (internally) rotates arm as part of rotator cuff; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
   
   innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
2. containment of the nucleus pulposus, stabilization of vertebral segment via attachment to cartilaginous end plates, "permission of movement"
3. proximal: supraspinous fossa of scapula
   
   distal: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
4. action: elevates scapula and tilts the glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula in downward rotation
5. proximal: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
   
   distal: medial top of intertubecular groove of humerus

5 Matching Questions

1. infraspinatus
   -proximal attachment
   -distal attachment
   -action
   -innervation
2. Interspinalis
   -proximal attachment
   -distal attachment
3. Rhomboid Major & Minor
   -proximal attachment (of minor and major)
   -distal attachment
4. supraspinatus
   -action
   -innervation
5. teres minor
   -proximal attachment
   -distal attachment
   -action
   -innervation

1. a proximal attachment:
   minor: nuchal ligament & SP of C7 and T1
   major: SP of T2-T5
   
   distal attachment: medial border of the scapula from the spine to the inferior angle
2. b proximal: superior surface of spinous processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   
   distal: interior surface of SP of vertebrae superior to vertebra of proximal attachment
3. c proximal: middle part of lateral border of scapula
   
   distal: interior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
   
   action: laterally rotates the arm, acts with rotator cuff muscles
   
   innervation: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
4. d action: initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles
   
   innervation: suprascapular nerve (C4-C6)
5. e proximal: infraspinous fossa of scapula
   
   distal: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
   
   action: laterally rotates arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles
   
   innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. elevates ribs, aids in inspiration
   1. Rotatores
      -origin
      -insertion
   2. Serratus Posterior Inferior/Superior
      -action
   3. Semispinalis
      -origin
      -insertion
   4. Spinalis
      -origin
      -insertion
2. bind vertebral bodies together, permit movement within a vertebral segment, transmit loads across the segment
   1. 3 principle functions of intervertebral discs
   2. Erector Spinae Muscles
   3. functions of nucleus pulposus
   4. functions of annulus fibrosus
3. action:
   unilaterally: lateral bending of vertebral column
   together: extend the head and neck
   
   innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
   1. Spinalis
      -action (unilaterally & together)
      -innervation
   2. Iliocostalis
      -action (unilaterally & together)
      -innervation
   3. Longissimus
      -action (unilaterally & together)
      -innervation
   4. Semispinalis
      -action
      -innervation
4. proximal: tips of transverse processes of C7 and T1-T11 vertebrae
   
   distal: pass inferolaterally and insert on ribs between tubercle and angle
   1. Levator Scapula
      -proximal attachment
      -distal attachment
   2. Levatores Costarum
      -proximal attachment
      -distal attachment
   3. Latissimus Dorsi
      -proximal attachment
      -distal attachment
   4. teres major
      -proximal attachment
      -distal attachment
5. proximal: transverse processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae
   
   distal: transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae
   1. teres major
      -proximal attachment
      -distal attachment
   2. supraspinatus
      -proximal attachment
      -distal attachment
   3. Intertransversarii
      -proximal attachment
      -distal attachment
   4. Interspinalis
      -proximal attachment
      -distal attachment

5 True/False Questions

1. Trapezius
   -action
   -innervation → action:
   upper fibers: elevate scapula
   middle fibers: retract scapula
   lower fibers: depress scapula
   
   innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

   True        False

2. teres major
   -action
   -innervation → action: aids in extension and rotation of vertebral column
   
   innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves

   True        False

3. Levatores Costarum
   -action
   -innervation → action: elevates ribs, assisting in respiration; assists with lateral flexion of vertebral column
   
   innervation: posterior rami of C8-T11 spinal nerves

   True        False

4. subscapularis
   -proximal attachment
   -distal attachment → proximal: supraspinous fossa of scapula
   
   distal: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

   True        False

5. Quadratus Lumborum
   -superior attachment
   -inferior attachment → superior attachment: medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7-T12
   
   inferior attachment: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

   True        False