Jericka King- Verbal Communication
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BelletristicBeast Plus on March 3, 2012
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Chapter 5 Interpersonal Communication
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Verbal Communication | The actual words that are used in conversation |
| Language is symbolic | Words are arbitrary and have no meaning in themselves |
| Rules that influence Language | Phonological, Syntactic, Semantic, Pragmatic |
| Phonological Rules | how sounds are combined, how things are pronounced (i.e. tomAto, tomaato) |
| Syntactic Rules | ways that symbols can be arranged to create a new meaning (i.e. This soup makes me well when I am sick vs. This soup makes me sick when I am well.) |
| Pragmatic Rules | Tells us what interpretation of the message is appropriate in a given (relationship) context (i.e. "come here" boss vs. lover) |
| Semantic | tells us what interpretation is appropriate in a given (spoken) context (i.e. "fly" that girl is fly vs. I will fly to Dallas next week) |
| Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory (CMM) | We use rules at several levels to create our own messages and interpret others' statements |
| Invalid Assumptions About Language | Words have only 1 definition Words are what they symbolize Words have specific referents People and things do not change |
| Unraveling Periphrastic | Complicated ways on conveying the same thing (i.e.mobile section of petrified matter agglomerates no bryophytes) |
| Name 7 items that language impacts. | Naming and identity, credibility, status, affiliation, power, sexism, racism |
| Naming and Identity | • Hypothetical people with common names were given higher grades than unusual names • Sexism- implying that males/females have superior traits and the opposite sex has inferior traits (policemen vs. police officers) • Racism- Reflects a worldview that classifies members of one racial group as superior and others as inferior |
| Credibility | • Dr. Fox; hired a guy (actor) and used made up words to college students and told him that he was amazing, asked college students what they thought of him- that he was smart because of the words that he used |
| Status | • My Fair Lady- movie about a street vender who changes her language • Is associated to attractiveness |
| Affiliation | • Convergence and divergence • Convergence, mimicking behavior or language • Diverge, don't like someone- do the opposite of what they are doing |
| Power | Speech mannerism can affect its perception; in order to enhance perception people tend not use certain words and word patterns that show a lack of competence |
| Sexism | stewardess vs. flight attendant, fireman vs. firefighter, secretary vs. administrative assistant |
| Racism | black market, blacklist, and blackball- negative connotation, while white is viewed positively |
| Ambiguous Language | more than one definition (i.e. "I want Michael Jackson to come because he has touched so many young people...") |
| Abstraction | ways of generalizing- Ex: "Marriage counselors are worthless"; "New Yorkers are rude" |
| Euphemisms | saying something more politely or less bluntly (i.e. Golden Years- old age, Sub-optimal- fail, Big boned- fat) |
| Relative Language | language depends on the person communicating, gains meaning by comparison |
| Static Evaluation | mistaken assumption that things are consistent (Korzybsiki- dating)-Every time you have an assumption about somebody you write it down (i.e. "Maria IS bad"- she might be bad today, but she might be great tomorrow) |
| Language of Responsibility | It, But, I, You, We statements |
| "It" Statements | avoids responsibility- "___ bothers me when you don't call me" |
| "But" Statements | effect of canceling the thought that precedes it "You're a great guy, ___ we need to break up" |
| "I" Language | more accurate and less provocative way to express a complaint. |
| 3 Parts of "I" Language | 1. The persons behavior 2. Your feelings 3. The consequences that the other behavior has for you Ex: " I get embarrassed (feeling) when you talk about my bad grades in front of our friends (behavior) . I'm afraid they will think I'm stupid (consequence)." |
| "You" Language | Signals other- orientation when praising, sounds critical during confrontation |
| "We" Language | Signals concern for bother people involved; commitment and cohesiveness |
| Emotive Language | Seems to describe something, but really announces the speaker's attitude towards it ( if you approve, you say: thrifty, traditional, extrovert, cautious; if you don't approve: cheap, old-fashion, coward, loudmouth) |
| Content (Male vs. Female) | Work, movies/tv, sex, dating, appearance-Same amount (college students) Females- (college) relationships, family, health, clothing, food, and reproductive matters Males (college)- sports, hobbies, and activities |
| Reasons for Communicating (Male vs. Female) | Both use language to maintain and build relationships Male-Male conversations- like talking to that person Female-Female- needed, we need each other Females directed toward nurturing the relationship Males talk about trying to accomplish a task |
| Conversation Styles (Male vs. Female) | Females- intensive adverbs, emotional references and contradictions (focused on relationship)- I shouldn't tell you this but... Males- use judgmental adjectives, directives, and "I" references (direct, to the point and task oriented) |
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