vasc tech ch 4
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 _____ helps confirm the diagnosis and location of arterial occlusive disease. | doppler waveform analysis |
| Doppler waveform analysis capabilities include | indicating the severity of the occlusive process and can be used in combination with segmental pressures |
| Limitations to doppler waveform analysis include____ | patients with casts or bandages; waveform affected by temp.; CHF may result in dampened waveform; unable to discriminate STENOSIS from OCCLUSION; technically dependent test. |
| for doppler waveform analysis, the patient should be positioned ___ | supine, extremities at heart level (reducing hydrostatic pressure influence, hip externally rotated, knee bent with alternate RLD or LLD or prone. |
| the frequency of the wave received from a moving target is called the ___ and is different from the transmitted frequency. | doppler shift frequency |
| ___is a device for measuring the speed of sound in fluids | velocimeter |
| ____ is the measurement of the velocity of fluids to solve fluid dynamics problems | velocimetry |
| ___ is a type of velocimetry that employs a zero-crossing frequency meter to display the signals graphically on a strip chart recorder | analog |
| ____ estimates frequencies present in the reflected signal and displays them. The circuitry counts ea time the input signal crosses through the baseline within a time span. | zero crossing detector |
| with zero-crossing detection ___ frequency waves have many oscillations and ___ frequency waves have few. | high; low |
| drawbacks to zero-crossing detection include___ | noise, less sensitivity, high velocities are underestimated and low velocities are overestimated |
| ___ is a type of velocimetry that uses individual frequencies displayed by the FFT method | spectral analysis |
| spectral analysis is more commonly used during ___ | duplex evaluations. |
| In spectral analysis, the horizontal x axis represents___ | time |
| In spectral analysis, the vertical y axis represents___ | frequency shifts |
| the advantage of spectral analysis is that it is ___ | free of the analog recording drawbacks |
| doppler waveform analysis uses __ doppler | continuous wave doppler |
| For doppler waveform analysis, use an ___ frequency probe | 8 - 10 MHz |
| an upper extremity arterial doppler velocity wave form exam includes ____ arteries | subclavian, axillary, brachial at elbow antecubital fossa, radial thumb side at wrist, ulnar at wrist |
| a lower extremity arterial doppler velocity wave form exam includes ___ arteries | CFA, SFA popliteal, PTA medial malleolus, DPA top of foot, and peroneal if necessary at lateral malleolus |
| during an arterial wave form exam the ____ and ___ are observed, documented and combined with doppler segmental pressures. | audible; wave form qualities |
| ___ and ___ are potential sources of technical error during the arterial exam | improper probe position; inadvertent probe motion |
| ___ and ___ are potential sources of technical error during the arterial exam | incorrect angle of incidence; inadequate amount of gel |
| ___ and ___ are potential sources of technical error during the arterial exam | excessive pressure on the probe tip; insufficient period of rest before testing |
| A qualitatively normal wave form is __ while abnormal wave forms may be __ or __ | triphasic, biphasic, monophasic |
| rapid upslope, sharp peak, rapid down stroke, flow reversal, resumption of forward flow describes ___ wave form | triphasic |
| rapid upslope, sharp peak, fairly rapid downstroke, flow reversal, no resumption of forward flow, considered normal in some patients describes a __ waveform | biphasic |
| slow upslope, rounded peak, slow down stroke, no reversal describes a __ wave form | monophasic |
| a ____ signal is often obtained proximal to an obstruction, with no diastolic flow. | monophasic/dampened pulsatile |
| Distal to an obstruction, the signal is _____ | monophasic, more steady |
| ___ can appear similar to flow distal to a stenosis | well collateralized occlusion |
| ___ of the distal vessels often occurs with proximal obstruction, reducing pulsatility. | vasodilation |
| when there is vasodilation of distal vessels assoc with a proximal obstruction __ occurs | reduction in the pulsatility causing the signals to have lower resistant (steady) flow quality |
| the wave forms of the right and left leg are dampened bilaterally suggesting___ | bilateral aortoiliac (AI) multi-level occlusive disease |
| the wave forms of the right leg are dampened while the wave forms of the left leg are not suggests | right fem-pop occlusive disease and some element of aorto-iliac disease. |
| the subclavian is normally ____ flow. A proximal occlusion or critical stenosis will make the signal more___ | high resistant,multiphasic; monophasic |
| ____ in the skin of fingertips can cause flow patterns in the hand to be tremendously variable. | Arteriovenous shunts |
| Arteriovenous shunts in the skin of fingertips may produce, for example, ___ in the brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries in the relaxed and warm patient. | continuous signals |
| Following exercise, pre exercise wave form qualities are maintained and/or augmented; no reverse component, usually just pressures obtained post exercise describes a/an ___ upper arterial exam | normal |
| slow upstroke with more rounded peak, slow downstroke, no reverse component describes a/an ___ upper arterial exam | abnormal |
| Absent doppler signals may suggest ___ | occlusion or a pre-occlusive vessel. |
| absent doppler signals that may suggest occlusion or pre-occlusive vessel is known as___. | string sign |
| analog doppler is not capable of protraying velocities of less than ____. | 6 cm/sec |
| The recorder stylus of the arterial exam is not recording, what should be done? | check that proper test selection and/or probe type has been made |
| There is a 60 cycle noise on tracing. This can be corrected by___ | decreasing gain, turning system off then on, increase filter or try another plug receptacle. |
| The recording stylus is stuck at lower or upper portion of tracing. How can this be corrected? | Activate reset control to re-center |
| Quantitative interpretation is used with___ | spectral analysis |
| qualitative interpretation is used with__ | continuous wave |
| ___ is calculated by dividing the peak to peak frequency difference (P1 - P2) by the mean frequency | Pulsatility index (PI) |
| the pulsatility index differentiates ___ | inflow from outflow disease, ex: aortoiliac from femoral disease. |
| ___ helps to differentiate inflow (aorto-iliac) disease from outflow (S femoral) disease | acceleration time |
| ___ is based on the principle that proximal arterial obstruction results in a slowing of the time interval between the onset of systole to the point of maximum peak. | acceleration time |
| an acceleration time of greater than____ suggests presence of proximal iliac disease | 133 m/sec |
| PI = P1 - P2/ mean frequency | Pulsatility index equation |
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