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demonstrative pronoun when used alone, demonstratives function as pronouns and can commonly be translated as this man, that woman, these things, and the like, according to their gender, number, and context demonstrative adjective when demonstratives modify nouns, they function as adjectives; since they are by nature emphatic, they regularly precede the nouns they modify illī masculine/feminine/neuter, dative/nominative, singular/plural illa feminine/neuter, nominative, plural/singular illīus masculine/feminine/neuter, genitive, singular ille masculine, nominative, singular illā feminine, ablative, singular illud neuter, nominative/accusative, singular illōrum masculine/neuter, genitive, plural illae feminine, nominative, plural illōs masculine, accusative, plural illīs masculine/feminine/neuter, dative/ablative, plural illō masculine/neuter, ablative, singular illārum feminine, genitive, pluaral hōc masculine/neuter, ablative, singular hoc neuter, nominative, singular haec feminine/neuter, nominative, singular/plural hae feminine, nominative, plural hāc feminine, ablative, singular hanc feminine, accusative, singular huius masculine/feminine/neuter, genitive, singular hunc masculine, accusative, singular hōs masculine, accusative, plural huic masculine/feminine/neuter, dative, singular hōrum masculine/neuter, genitive, plural hās feminine, accusative, plural hīs masculine/feminine/neuter, dative/ablative, plural ūnīus masculine/feminine/neuter, genitive, singular ūnī masculine/feminine/neuter, dative/nominative, singular/plural ūnā feminine, ablative, singular tōtī masculine/feminine/neuter, dative/nominative, singular/plural tōtīus masculine/feminine/neuter, genitive, singular tōta feminine/neuter, nominative, singular/plural tōtum masculine, accusative, singular nūllīus masculine/feminine/neuter, genitive, singular nūllī masculine/feminine/neuter, dative/nominative, singular/plural nūlla feminine/neuter, nominative, singular/plural nūllōs masculine/neuter, accusative, plural how can the presence of a noun be helpful in determining the form of a modifying demonstrative? ill come back to this later