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Auxin (IAA) Stimulates stem elongation; affects root growth, differentiation and branching; development of fruit; apical dominance; phototropism and gravitropism Cytokinins Affect root growth and differentiation; stimulate cell division and growth; stimulate germination; delay aging Gibberellins Promote seed germination, bud development, stem elongation, and leaf growth; stimulate flowering and fruit development; affect root growth and differentiation Abscisic Acid (ABA) Inhibits growth; closes stomata during water stress; helps maintain dormancy Ethylene Promotes fruit ripening; opposes some auxin effects; promotes or inhibits growth and development of roots, leaves, and flowers, depending on species.