5 Written Questions

1. a thin, shock-absorbing layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation with another bone
2. the process where mineral salts are deposited in the collagen fiber framework, hardening the bone matrix
3. the region between the diaphysis and epiphyses that contains the growth plates
4. describes when a bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces, and smaller bone fragments are found in-between the broken ends
5. the connective tissue within certain bones that produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

5 Matching Questions

1. osteogenic cell
2. periosteal artery
3. interstitial lamella
4. fibrocartilaginous callus
5. bone deposition

1. a a mass of repair tissue consisting of collagen fibers and cartilage that bridges the broken ends of a bone within 3 weeks after the injury
2. b this enters the diaphysis of a bone through a perforating (Volkmann's) canal and delivers blood to the periosteum and outer part of compact bone tissue
3. c the addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts
4. d an area between osteons that is a remnant of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or growth
5. e an unspecialized stem cell that is the only bone cell that can undergo cell division; the resulting cells develop into osteoblasts

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. the process by which bone forms during embryo and fetal development, growth from infancy through adulthood, remodeling, and fracture repair; also called osteogenesis
   1. calcification
   2. ossification center
   3. osteon
   4. ossification
2. a small space between concentric lamellae which contains an osteocyte
   1. rickets
   2. calcitonin
   3. osteon
   4. lacuna
3. during endochondral ossification, a region near the middle of the cartilage model where bone tissue replaces most of the disintegrating calcified cartilage
   1. periosteal artery
   2. calcification
   3. secondary ossification center
   4. primary ossification center
4. the most important regulator of calcium ion exchange that increases blood calcium level
   1. perichondrium
   2. parathyroid hormone
   3. red bone marrow
   4. cartilage model
5. growth from within a bone during endochondral ossification, resulting in an increase in the bone's length
   1. tensile strength
   2. interstitial growth
   3. periosteal artery
   4. interstitial lamella

5 True/False Questions

1. appositional growth → growth from within a bone during endochondral ossification, resulting in an increase in the bone's length

   True        False

2. yellow bone marrow → contains adipose cells that store triglycerides as a reserve of potential chemical energy

   True        False

3. open reduction → describes when the fractured ends of a bone are brought into alignment by a surgical procedure in which internal fixation devices such as screws, plates, pins, rods, and wires are used

   True        False

4. closed fracture → describes when the broken ends of a bone do not break the skin; also referred to as "simple"

   True        False

5. Colles' fracture → a fracture of the distal end of the radius, in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly

   True        False