Islam
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Created by:
mitchQuiz123 on March 4, 2012
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46 terms
Arabic | English |
|---|---|
 Islam | submission to the will of Allah |
| Muslim | One who submits |
| Khadija | First wife of muhammad and first to convert to Islam. |
| Hijrah | Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in A. D. 622; this event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar |
| Hadith | A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law. |
| Shari'a | islamic law |
| Shahada | The confession of faith, the first of the Five Pillars and central creedal statement of Islam: "There is no god except God. Muhammad is the messenger of God." |
| salat | the second pillar of Islam is prayer |
| Wudu | ritual cleansing of oneself before prayer by Muslims |
| Jumah | Holy Day (Friday) |
| Minaret | the tower attached to a mosque from which the muezzin, or crier, calls the faithful to prayer five times a day |
| Muezzin | the Muslim official of a mosque who summons the faithful to prayer from a minaret five times a day |
| Azan | Muslim call to prayer |
| Ramadan | (Islam) a fast (held from sunrise to sunset) that is carried out during the Islamic month of Ramadan |
| Zakat | the fourth pillar of Islam is almsgiving as an act of worship |
| Hajj | the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah |
| jidda | port city in western Saudi Arabia on the Red Sea |
| Tawaf | walking around the Kaaba 7 times counterclockwise |
| Sa'y | reenactment of the ancient story of Hager searching for water in the desert |
| Waquf | "The Standing"; Site where Muhammad gave last sermon; if Hajj was done correctly, sins are forgiven here |
| Umrah | "the lesser pilgrimage" is performed only in Mecca and can take place any time during the year |
| Ahl Al Kitab | People of the book"People of the Scripture," or followers of pre-Islamic monotheistic religions with some form of scripture believed to be of divine origin. It refers to Jews and Christians. |
| Abu Bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. |
| Umar | caliph who expanded empire to Iraq, Persia, Eastern Mediterranean, and North Afria. He let Jews and Christians worship their way if they paid tax |
| Uthman | (r.644-656) exerted right of caliph to protect economic interests of entire umma, published Qur'an was accused of using his power to give family good jobs, and unnecessary cruelty, assassinated in 656 |
| Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites; he was a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; after his assination Islam was divided into Shiite and Sunnite sects |
| Sunni | a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad |
| Shia | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad |
| Sufi | a Muslim who represents the mystical dimension of Islam |
| Nikkah | A marriage contract that is signed by both parties binding them together for life. |
| Talak | "I divorce you." Words spoken by a husband to his wife in a Muslim divorce. |
| Kathma Quran | When a child finishes reading the entire Quran. Reads portion in front of audience. Similar to a bar mitzvah |
| Eid Ul' Adha | Festival at the end of hajj where an animal is sacrificed to commemorate Abraham's attempted sacrifice of his son |
| Eid Ul' Fitr | Festival celebrating the end of Ramadan. |
| Muharram | the first month of the Islamic calendar |
| Lailatul-Qadr | night of power, when the Angel Gabriel revealed the Koran to Muhammed for the first time |
| Imam | (Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque |
| Du'l Hijjia | 12th Month of the Islamic calendar when the Hajj takes place |
| Ihram | two white cotton cloths worn by male Muslims on their pilgrimage to Mecca. Symbolic of the state of purity that all pilgrims assume while on the Hajj. |
| ZamZam | Well near the Ka'bah in Mecca which appeared in response to Hagar and Ishmael's need for water. |
| Hajji | Title given to man having completed the pilgrimage |
| Hajjani | Title given to woman having completed the pilgrimage |
| Kaaba | (Islam) a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine |
| Umma | the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan |
| Caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth |
| Halal | Foods that are permissible for Muslims to eat; includes meat (that has been slaughtered during a prayer ritual), fish, fresh fruit, vegetables, eggs, milk, and cheese. |
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