Unit 13: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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SarahReynolds on March 4, 2012
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 eclectic approach | An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. |
| psychotherapy | Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. |
| psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams, transferences--and the therapist's interpretations of them--released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. |
| resistance | In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promotes insight. |
| transference | In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). |
| psychodynamic therapy | Therapy deriving from psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight. |
| insight therapies | A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. |
| client-centered therapy | A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth. |
| active listening | Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client centered therapy. |
| unconditional positive regard | A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance. |
| behavior therapy | Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. |
| counterconditioning | A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. |
| exposure therapies | Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid. |
| systematic desensitization | A type of exposure therapy that associated a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. |
| virtual reality exposure therapy | An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to stimulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. |
| aversive conditioning | A type of counterconditioning that associates and unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). |
| token economy | An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. |
| cognitive therapy | Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional interactions. |
| cognitive-behavioral therapy | A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavioral therapy (changing behavior). |
| family therapy | Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. |
| regression toward the mean | The tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average. |
| meta-analysis | A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. |
| evidence-based practice | Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. |
| biomedical therapy | Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system. |
| psychopharmacology | The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. |
| antipsychotic drugs | Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. |
| tardive dyskinesia | Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors. |
| antianxiety drugs | Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. |
| antidepressant drugs | Drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by alternating the availability of various neurotransmitters. |
| ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) | A biochemical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. |
| repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) | The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. |
| psychosurgery | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. |
| lobotomy | A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. |
| resilience | The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma. |
| interpretation | In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. |
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