lecture test 2 ch.3

5 Written Questions

1. A photograph made through a microscope.
2. consisting of many cells
3. one or more small bodies within the nucleus;
   an area specialized for RNA synthesis; an area of concentrated RNA.
4. Small particles composed of RNA (rRNA or ribosomal RNA) and protein.
   2. The actual site of protein synthesis in the cell.
5. 1. A stack of 3 - 20 saccules (flattened vacuoles) resembling a "stack of pancakes."
   2. Involved in the processing, packaging, storage, and distribution of molecules about or from the
   cell.
   Functions in secretion (release of substances from the cell).
   Terms: Secrete: release of a useful product.
   Excrete: release of a waste product.

5 Matching Questions

1. Leeuwenhoek
2. virchow
3. Endoplasmic reticulum
4. light microscope
5. pasteur

1. a (endoplasmic - within the cytoplasm; reticulum - network) p. 54
   1. Complicated system of membranous channels and saccules (little membrane bound sacs) and
   tubules (little tubes).
   2. Continuous with the outer layer of the nuclear envelope.
   3. Rough ER: ER with attached ribosomes. Involved in protein synthesis (provides a "work
   surface" for ribosomes), modification of newly formed protein (Ex.: glycoprotein - protein
2. b disproved the theory of spontaneous generation (life from non-life), a view held even by scientists for many centuries.
3. c stated that cells come only from pre-existing cells (biogenesis: life
   begins from life).
4. d first described living cells.
5. e gives a view of general detail at the cell level--not much of internal cell
   structure. Resolution to 0.2 microns. Limited by the wavelength of visible light. Magnification
   limit about 1500 X (Most microscopes available provide 1000X.)
   Photomicrograph: picture taken through a light microscope.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. 1. Membrane bound vesicles (vesicle = little vacuole) within the cytoplasm; produced by the Golgi
   apparatus.
   2. Contain digestive enzymes.
   a. Function in digestion:
   Phagocytosis (cell feeding): a process by which some cells engulf particles. White blood
   cells may engulf bacteria; some protozoans engulf food particles.
   b. These particles are taken into the cell into a membrane bound vacuole (note food vacuole
   in Protozoa Lab material). A lysosome fuses with the vacuole and the contents are
   digested.
   c. Function in autodigestion (self digestion): "housekeeping" digestion of worn out cell parts.
   1. hooke
   2. chromosome
   3. Lysosomes
   4. cytology
2. first used word cell to describe the compartments he saw in cork under
   his microscope.
   1. hooke
   2. schwann
   3. cell
   4. pasteur
3. [true nucleus] possessing a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles:
   a. DNA is located in a membrane bound structure called the nucleus.
   b. Organelles: specialized structures in the cell performing specific cellular functions.
   c. Examples: the four kingdoms of Domain Eukarya: Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista.
   1. Eukaryotic characteristics
   2. Chloroplasts
   3. Endoplasmic reticulum
   4. prokaryotic characteristics
4. ovum (egg) = 140 ìm, a pinpoint just visible with good
   eyesight.
   1. what is nucleus plural? Function? Nickname?
   2. what are the functions of the plasma membrane?
   3. what is the largest cell in the human body?
   4. resolution/ human eye
5. Prokaryotic Cells: 1 - 10 microns in diameter.
   Eukaryotic Cells: 10 - 100 microns.
   1. size ranges of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
   2. Eukaryotic characteristics
   3. prokaryotic characteristics
   4. what is the largest cell in the human body?

5 True/False Questions

1. Centrioles → similar to lysosomes; contain enzymes that form hydrogen peroxide; especially
   prevalent in cells that are synthesizing or breaking down fats.

   True        False

2. chromatin → long threadlike strands of genetic material in a non-dividing cell.

   True        False

3. unicellular → having or consisting of a single cell

   True        False

4. nuclear pores → structures in the nuclear envelope that allow passage of certain materials between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm

   True        False

5. electron microscope → Uses a beam of electrons for illumination instead of visible light. Provides a highly detailed
   view of cell structure.

   True        False