1.
Aboriginie: native people of Australia; longest ongoing culture in the world- they hunted, fished, and gathered food
2.
Abraham Lincoln: elected as 16th president in 1860; southerns fiercly opposed him because he promised to stop the spread of slavery
3.
Anti-Semitism: prejudice against Jews
4.
assembly line: a line of wrokers who each put a single piece on unfinished cars as they passed on a moving belt
5.
Charles Darwin: english naturalist who question: How can we explain the tremendous variety of plants and animals on earth? came up with the theory of evolution
6.
Chartist Movement: group that first presented its demand to Parliament in a petition called The People's Charter of 1838; called for suffrage for all men and annual Parliamentary elections
7.
dominion: a nation allowed to govern its own affairs
8.
Dreyfus affair: controversy that became a battleground for the opposing forces that included the Third Republic against monarchists, aristocrats, clergy, and army leaders.
9.
Emancipation Proclamation: Act passed by Lincoln in 1863 that declared that all slaves in the Confederate states were free
10.
home rule: local control over internal matters only
11.
IRA: an unofficial military force seeking independence for Ireland, staged a series of attacks against british officials in Ireland
12.
manifest destiny: the idea that the United States had the right and duty to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
13.
Maori: a Polynesian people who had settled in New Zealand around AD 800
14.
Mass culture: the appeal of art, writing, music, and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience
15.
penal colony: place where convicts were sent to serve their sentences
16.
Psychology: the study of the human mind and behavior
17.
Queen Victoria: came to throne in 1837 at the age if 18; queen for 64 years; forced to accept a less powerful role for the monarchy
18.
radioactivity: a form of energy released as atoms decay
19.
secede: to withdraw (from the union)
20.
segregation: separation (of blacks and whites in the South)
21.
suffrage: the right to vote
22.
theory of evolution: darwin's idea of change through natural selection
23.
Third Republic: lasted over 60 years; government that the National Assembly agrred on in 1875
24.
US Civil War: conflict between northern and southern states of the US over the issue of slavery, lasting from 1861 to 1865
25.
Zionism: movement that moved toward the goal of Jews working in their homeland of Palestine.
