1.
5 types of white blood cells: Neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte
2.
Calcium chelators: used to prevent clotting when blood is removed for the blood bank for transfusions or for analysis; bind calcium in blood to prevent it from catalyzing the clotting reactions
3.
Calculate Hematocrit: Vol RBC/Total (WBC negligible) Total = Plasma + RBC
4.
Diapedisis: red blood cell entering vessel by squeezing though endothelium
5.
Granulocytes: Basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils
6.
Hemoglobin: 4 subunits, 2 of both alpha and Beta globin. 4 heme groups - 1 for each subunit.
7.
Hemophilia: inherited deficiency of clotting factors
8.
Heparin: activates anti-thrombin (anticoagulant)
9.
Hepatitis: affects liver which affects clotting as many of clotting factors produced in liver - bleeding tendency may result
10.
How is clot removed?: Cell growth and tissue repair, fibrin slowly dissolved by plasmin, clot dissolves
11.
How is iron used in Hb: bone marrow uses Fe to make Hb, spleen converts Hb to bilirubin, liver converts bilirubin to bile, excess bilirubin excreted in urine and feces
12.
Jaundice: elevated levels of bilirubin
13.
Phagocytes: macrophages, which together with neutrophils and monocytes
14.
Purpose of Albumin: carry fatty acids and other hydrophobic substances, maintains oncotic pressure and prevents edema
15.
Purpose of fibrinogen proteins?: Fibrin threads for blood clotting
16.
Purpose of globulin proteins?: Clotting factors, enzymes, carriers
17.
Purpose of transferrin?: Transport iron
18.
Red blood cell maturation: stem cell, eventually expelling nucleus, and squeezes through endothelium into circulation
19.
Serum: no fibrinogen, collect sample, allow blood to clot, centrifuge and separate serum from clot
20.
Sickle cell disease: glutamate replaced by valine
21.
Tissue repair: collagen exposed, binding of platelets, forms platelet plug from thrombin formation converting fibrinogen to fibrin - Calcium required
22.
Vitamin K deficiency: vit K is essential to prothrombin synthesis in liver
23.
Warfarin: interferes with stimulation of prothrombin
24.
What happens to hemoglobin with more O2 molecules bound?: binding affinity is decreased. 1 has very high affinity, 4 has low affinity for O2
25.
What is found in plasma?: Mostly water, proteins, some ions and organic molecules (amino acids, lipids, etc.)
26.
What is most abundant plasma protein?: Albumin, then globulins, and fibrinogen
27.
Where do most plasma proteins come from?: Liver
28.
Where do platelets come from?: Megakaryocytes - edge of cell
29.
Why do men have more RBC's than women?: Likely because Erythropoietin excreted by kidney which stimulates RBC development in bone marrow. Another signal is testosterone, which increases RBC production.
