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Aristotle author of The Poetics which look at multiple forms of poetry focusing on drama and tragedy. Tragic Character a person between these extremes, virtue and justice versus misfortune; often the fall of a person of high degree like a king or a prince; person is good. Imitation plot, combination of organization of events; tolerable because it is an imitation rather than an irreversible action. Universal Truth once achieved, it reveals what the play was trying to convey Unity tragedy will have magnitude, it will have a proper beginning, middle, and end. Wholeness every part of a great tragedy is necessary. No part can be removed. No part is left out. Causation tragic subjects are not freak accidents that arouse sympathy in the audience. Rather tragedy involves a casual, inevitable sequence of events connects intimately with the personality of the tragic character. Pity and Fear What does tragedy inspire? Reversal a change from one state of affairs to its exact opposite Recognition a change from ignorance to knowledge Catharsis purgation or cleansing of emotions in the medical sense by exciting them in order to allay them and rid the spectator of them Hamartia a tragic flaw or missing the mark Hubris arrogance or overweening pride that causes the hero's transgression against the gods. Irony a contrast between what really is and what appears to be. There are three types: verbal, situational, and dramatic. Situational Irony events occur which are the exact opposite of what is expected Dramatic Irony when the audience has a knowledge that the character does not. therefore, he does not fully understand the significance of what he says and does. Verbal Irony a figure of speech. the speaker intends to be understood as meaning something that contrasts with the literal or usual meaning of what he says. Sophocles improved stage scenery, reduced importance of chorus, added third speaking actor, famous for theban plays Exposition in drama, the presentation of essential information regarding what has occurred prior to the beginning of the play