structure of DNA
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleotide | a single building block of DNA, one deoxyribose sugar, one phosphate group, and one nitrogen base |
| purines | Adenine and Guanine, 2 ring structures |
| pyramidines | Cytosine and Thymine, 3 ring structures |
| antiparallel | The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix. |
| histones | a protein which DNA entwines/ wraps around |
| chromatin | substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones, DNA and its proteins |
| semiconservative | replicated DNA consists of one original strand and one new strand, each new DNA conserves half of the original |
| Helicase | causes the DNA double helix to unzip during DNA replication |
| primase | An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule, can only add bases to an existing nucleic acid strand |
| ligase | enzyme responsible for joining strands of DNA, seals the sugar-phosphate backbones of the pieces, "to tie" |
| annealing helicase | rewinds any sections of the DNA molecule that remian unwound |
| RNA primer | short segment of RNA used to initiate synthesis of a new strand of DNA during replication |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
| Okazaki fragment | a new DNA strand, up to 150 nucleotides long, small pieces of DNA |
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