Anatomy and physiology II
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Skeletal muscle | Is voluntary, striated, and made up of long slender striped cells. Contracts quickly in response to stimulation, and act in opposing groups |
| Smooth muscle | Is involuntary, non-striated, and composed of sprindle-shaped cells. Found in viscera, especially the stomach. Contracts slowly |
| Cardiac muscle | Is Involuntary, partially striated; special tissue found only in the heart |
| Major functions of muscles | Assist in conducting nerve impulses to brain, assist in movement, produce heat, and protect organs |
| Epimyseum | Muscles are enclosed in this |
| Tendon | When epimyseum extends in a strong, tough cord that is continuous with the periosteum |
| Origin | Superior, less moveable part of muscle |
| Body or belly | Middle portion of muscle |
| Insertion | Distal end of muscle |
| Elasticity | The ability to resume former length when stretching force is removed |
| Tone or tonus | Slight tension present in the muscle even when muscle is resting. |
| Conductivity | The ability to transmit impulses |
| Contractility | The ability to contract or shorten and to thicken when a muscle shortens; it exerts pull |
| Extensibility | The ability to lengthen or stretch and hold |
| Tensors | Tense a part; make more rigid |
| Pronators | Turn palm downward |
| Levators | Lift a part |
| Sphincters | Ring-like muscles that close body openings |
| Abductors | Move away from a part |
| Rotators | Revolve a part on it's axis |
| Supinators | Turn the palm upward |
| Flexors | Bend a joint |
| Depressors | Lower a part |
| Adductors | Move toward a part or toward the midline |
| Extensors | Straighten a joint |
| Muscle contraction | Caused by response to natural or artificial stimulus |
| Proximal | Muscles that move a part lie ( ) to the part they move |
| Simple sugars | Muscle cells get energy to contract from ( ) |
| Three criteria for remembering shapes of muscles | Action, shape, and numbers of divisions |
| Abdominal muscles | Broad thin muscles which support internal organs, assist in respiration, and assist in eliminating waste from the large intestine and bladder |
| Chest muscles | Assist in respiration and movements of the neck, arms, and trunk |
| Back muscles | Large broad muscles attached to the vertebrae which allow body to bend, turn, and stand erect |
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