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atria upper chambers of the heart ventricles lower chambers of the heart myocardium cardiac tissue endocardium smooth tissue lining each chamber pericardium covering of the heart cardiac tamponade fluid fills pericardium layers causing compression of the heart heart action systole diastole systole contraction of the heart atrial ventricular diastole relaxation of the heart atrioventricular valves separates the atria and the ventricles bicuspid/mitral valve tricuspid valve bicuspid/mitral valve located between left and right atrium and left ventricle tricuspid valve located between right atrium right ventricle chordae tendineae attach AV valves to wall of the heart semilunar valves valves from ventricles to arteries aways from heart pulmonary semilunar aortic semilunar valve pulmonary semilunar from right ventricle to pulmonary artery aortic semilunar valve from left ventricle to aorta valve problems incompetent valves stenosed valves rheumatic heart disease mitral valve prolapse (MVP) incompetent valves leak, allowing blood to flow back where it came stenosed valves narrower than normal, slowing blood flow rheumatic heart disease strep infection that attacks cardiac valves mitral valve prolapse (MVP) valve that extends back into left atrium and allows leaking of blood backward heart sounds lub dup heart murmurs lub associated with AV valve closings dup associated with closing of the semilunar valves and ventricles undergoing diastole heart murmurs can be heard as a swishing sound as the lub dup ends artery carries blood away from heart vein carries blood to heart capillaries smallest blood vessel responsible for nutrient exchange, connect A&V pulmonary circulation movement of blood to lungs systemic circulation from left ventricle to entire body coronary circulation blood movement to the heart; right and left coronary artery-first branch of the aorta myocardial infarction heart attack atherosoclerosis hardening of arteries due to lipid buildup; angina pectoris=sever chest pain when cardiac muscle is lacking oxygen cardiac cycle .8 sec to complete systole and diastole of atriums and ventricles stroke volume-amount of blood pushed thorugh the ventricles 5 liters of blood pumped per ventricle per minute heart conduction sinoatrial node atrioventricular node AV bundle/bundle of His purkinje fibers cardiac disorders heart failure cardiomyopathy congestive heart failure heart failure inability to pump enough blood to sustain life cardiomyopathy disease of heart congestive heart failure "left-sided heart failure" retaining of fluids tachycardia 100+ beats per minute when resting bradycardia 60- per minute