Weathering, Erosion, and Mountains Review
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Created by:
mchapman143 on March 5, 2012
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Weathering | _________________ is the break-up of rock due to exposure to the atmosphere. |
| Chemical Weathering or Decomposition | _________________________ or _________________ takes place when at least some of the rock's minerals are changed into different substances. Includes rain, acid etching by plants, oxidizing, and demineralizing by water. |
| Mechanical Weathering or Disintegration | _________________________ or __________________ involves physically breaking rocks into fragments without changing the chemical make-up of the minerals within them. |
| water, wind, ice, gravity | What are the four main forces of Mechanical Weathering? |
| weathering, erosion | If a particle is loosened by weathering, but stays put, it's just ______________. If it starts moving, it's ______________. |
| frost wedging | ___________ _______________ is the freezing and thawing of water in cracks. |
| mechanical exfoliation | ________________ ________________ is the peeling off of sheets of rock as they expand and crack. |
| crystal growth wedging | _____________ ___________ ______________ involves salt crystals growing from salty waters. |
| root penetration | _________ ________________ is when powerful plant roots grow into rock cracks and cause fractures. |
| abrasion | Both wind and water can cause _______________ as rock fragments bounce off each other. |
| Glacial weathering | _____________ _________________ is when glaciers and avalanches cause weathering as ice and rock interact. |
| erosion | _____________ is the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil. |
| wind | __________ picks up small particles of sand/sediment and blasts large rocks with the abrasive particles, cutting and shaping the rock. Greatest impact in: deserts. |
| water | ____________ creates most of the changes in the Earth's landscape. |
| runoff | When rain falls to the Earth it can evaporate, sink into the ground, or flow over the land as ____________. |
| Rills | Runoff picks up pieces of rock and "runs" downhill cutting tiny grooves (called ________) into the land. |
| sum | The greatest contributing factor is called ______. |
| deposition | _________________ is the process by which sediments (small particles of rock) are laid down in new locations. |
| delta | Where rivers meet the ocean is called the mouth of the river. Soil and dirt carried by these rivers is deposited at the mouth, and new land is formed. The new, soil-rich land is known as a ___________. |
| canyons | _______________ are large valleys created by a river or stream. |
| meanders | Meandering streams wander side to side as the constantly seek out the lowest elevation. This constant motion creates a series of S-shaped "loops". These are called ______________. |
| flood-plains | __________-___________ form along the backs of mid-order streams and larger rivers. THese are low-lying areas along the sides of a river channel that have regular times of heavy waterflow to cause the river to spill over and flood the land. |
| tectonic plates | The earth's crust is made up of large plates called _____________ _____________ that fit into each other. |
| fold | ________-mountains are formed when two continental tectonic plates collide and their edges crumble to form mountains. |
| fault-block | ________-__________ mountains are created when faults or cracks in the Earth's curst force materials or blocks of rocks upward or down. |
| dome | _________ mountains are formed when large amounts of molten rock or magma push the earth's crust from underneath. |
| volcanic | ______________ mountains are created when magma pushes its way from beneath the earth to the crust, and when it reaches the surface, it erupts as lava, ash, rocks, and volcanic gases. These erupting materials build around the vent through which they erupted. |
| Plateau | _____________ mountains are formed by erosion. |
| Mt. Everest | The mountain with the highest altitude is ________________. |
| Mauna Loa | The tallest mountain (measured from its base on the ocean floor.) is ______________ _______. |
| Mt. Olympus; Mars | The tallest mountain in the solar system is ________________, located on ________. |
| Both | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? Waves are crashing on a sand beach. |
| Weathering | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? Water expands as it freezes in the cracks of rocks. |
| Erosion/Both | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? Pebbles move down a stream with the current. |
| Weathering | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? Acid rain causes the decomposition of a statue in New York. |
| Erosion | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? A man shovels dirt to plant a tree. |
| Both | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? A glacier slowly moves down a mountain. |
| Weathering | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? A tree's roots grow into the cracks of rocks. |
| Both | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? A major volcano erupts. |
| Neither | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? A boy takes out the trash for his mother. |
| Weathering | Weathering, Erosion, or Both? A shovel is left outside and begins to rust. |
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