5 Written Questions

1. Author of Laozi; "the Way and its Virtue". Has given itself to diverse interpretations.
2. Behavior, does not clash with religion. Ethical System. Most of what we know is drawn from "The Analects". No creator, no afterlife. "here & now" -> could be considered agnostic. People play assigned roles in society, you behave and follow the values system.
3. literally the "road" or "Way", was a term used by Confucius to describe the social system he advocated. In Daoist sense...was a philosophical expression of nature's rhythms; the whole natural order rather than making human actions the center of concern.
4. Most related to government, authoritarian government, a hierarchic order, and strict application of rewards and punishments.
5. (1) Ruler to Ruled, (2) Father to Son, (3) Husband to Wife, (4) Elder Brother to Younger Brother, and (5) Friend to Friend

5 Matching Questions

1. In what ways do Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism differ from each other?
2. Shang Yang
3. Explain the different ways in which Daoism taught that people should live their lives.
4. What are the roles and responsibilities of the ruler in Legalism?
5. What characteristics of Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism contributed to their long-lasting influence?

1. a Confucianism is full of rules, and Daosim is to retreat from rules. Legalism was all about social stability through gov & rewards and punishments.
2. b The key to merging with Dao was WUWEI or "doing nothing". Best government was one that governed least. (Government=unnatural)
3. c The right path is whatever the ruler wanted it to be. Philosophy was designed to aid the ruler in consolidating his position and power. Creation of prosperous & military strong state. Aspects of life should be regulated to produce the maximum wealth and military might. (Merchants, intellectuals, and other unproductive groups should not be tolerated)
4. d CONFUCIANISM influenced many aspects of Chinese life, filial piety, people in Korea, Japan, & Vietnam accepted Confucian belief. DAOISM served as a balance to the dominant concepts of Confucianism, self-expression, could be confuc bureaucratic in professional life and Doaist poet & nature lover in personal life. LEGALISM philosophy left a lasting mark on Chinese civilization: partially accounted for the highly centralized gov of later times, philosophical bases for great political transition when Qin dynasty unified the whole county.
5. e Legalist thinker, established harsh punishments for anyone who tried to protect a criminal. When Shang Yang was suspected of disloyalty, he tried to go into hiding, but no one would protect him-> he was arrested and sentenced to execution.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Philosophy of retreat and withdrawal. Life is to be simple, live as individuals and retreat from rulers. You are born w/ infinite potential. Uncarved box, empty vessel, unmolded clay.
   1. What is filial piety?
   2. What are the main tenets of Confucianism?
   3. What are the main tenets of Daoism?
   4. What are the main tenets of Legalism?
2. Social harmony is when each individual knows their place in social order and plays that part well. Each individual simultaneously in several different relationships (jr -> parents; senior -> siblings, students, others; peer -> peer)
   1. What is filial piety?
   2. How did Confucianism ensure social order?
   3. What are the main tenets of Daoism?
   4. What are the main tenets of Legalism?
3. Native from the state of Lu. Aspired high political office...as a practical politician -> failure BUT role as a teach -> enormous success.
   1. Confucius
   2. Laozi
   3. Daodejing
   4. Analects
4. Daoists stressed the simple ways of nature and the virtue of yielding. Water does not resist, but rather yields to outside pressure (flows) Efforts to change or improve nature only destroys harmonies.
   1. What are the main tenets of Confucianism?
   2. What is the Daoist view of nature and society?
   3. What are the main tenets of Legalism?
   4. What are the main tenets of Daoism?
5. The ruler cannot rely on individual morality, they should control all subjects with clearly defined rewards and punishments. Strong leader -> people will go in a directon -> strong order and authority.
   1. How does Legalism use rewards and punishments to achieve order?
   2. How does Legalism contribute to a strong central government?
   3. How did Confucianism ensure social order?
   4. What is the Daoist view of nature and society?

5 True/False Questions

1. Analects → Consists of Confucius' answers to questions (what "the master said"); written by disciples of Confucius and their followers.

   True        False

2. What is filial piety? → Legalist thinker, established harsh punishments for anyone who tried to protect a criminal. When Shang Yang was suspected of disloyalty, he tried to go into hiding, but no one would protect him-> he was arrested and sentenced to execution.

   True        False

3. Laozi → Most venerated text of Daoism, named after author Daodejing. Consists of parables, metaphors, and poetic passages.

   True        False

4. Five Relationships → Most venerated text of Daoism, named after author Daodejing. Consists of parables, metaphors, and poetic passages.

   True        False

5. What are the roles and responsibilities of the ruler in Daoism? → The right path is whatever the ruler wanted it to be. Philosophy was designed to aid the ruler in consolidating his position and power. Creation of prosperous & military strong state. Aspects of life should be regulated to produce the maximum wealth and military might. (Merchants, intellectuals, and other unproductive groups should not be tolerated)

   True        False