Book C - Chapter 2: The Cell in Action
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scientifical on July 24, 2009
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Active transport | the movement of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the direction of diffusion; requires cells to use energy. |
| Binary fission | the simple cell division in which one cell splits into two; used by bacteria |
| Cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis, and cytokinesis |
| Cellular respiration | the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water |
| Centromere | the region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated |
| Chromatids | identical chromosome copies |
| Chromosome | a coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division |
| Cytokinesis | "the process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis" |
| Diffusion | the movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low |
| Endocytosis | the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell |
| Exocytosis | "the process used to remove large particles from a cell; during exocytosis, a vesicle containing the particles fuses with the cell membrane" |
| Fermentation | the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen |
| Homologous chromosomes | chromosomes with matching information |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water across a cell membrane |
| Passive transport | the diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane from areas where the concentration of particles is high to areas where the concentration of particles is low |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar |
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