Muscles
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 orbicularis oculi m. | Action - close eye |
| orbicularis oris m. | Action - close and purse lips |
| masseter m. | Origin - zygomatic arch Insertion - angle and ramus of mandible Action - elevate mandible and close jaw |
| temporalis m. | Action - elevate mandible and close jaw |
| sternocleidomastoid m. | clavicular head Origin - sternal end of clavicle sternal head Origin - manubrium of sternum Both Insertion - mastoid process of temporal bone Action - both sides acting together flex neck; one side acting alone - opposite rotation of head and lateral flexion of neck. |
| erector spinae m. | Action - both sides acting together extend vertebral column; one side acting alone - laterally flexes vertebral column |
| trapezius m. | 3 divisions origins - upper - occipital bone middle - ligamentum nuchae lower - spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae insertion - clavicle (lateral end), and scapula (acromion and spine) Action - upper - extends neck; elevates scapulae middle - retracts or adducts scapulae lower - depresses scapulae |
| deltoid m. | 3 divisions - anterior, middle, and posterior Origin - clavicle lateral end, scapula at acromion and spine Insertion - deltoid tuberosity of humerus Actions anterior - flexes humerus middle - abducts humerus posterior - extends and hyperextends humerus, laterally rotates humerus |
| supraspinatus m. | Origin - supraspinatous fossa of scapula Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus Action - abducts arm *with other rotator cuff muslces, stabilizes shoulder joint SITS muscle |
| infraspinatus m. | Origin - infraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus Action - laterally rotate humerus *with other rotator cuff muscles, stabilizes shoulder joint SITS muscle |
| teres minor m. | Origin - lateral border of scapula Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus Action - laterally rotate humerus *with other rotator cuff muscles, stabilizes shoulder joint SISTS muscle |
| subscapularis m. | Origin - subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion - lesser tubercle of humerus Action - medially rotates humerus *with other rotator cuff muscles, stabilizes shoulder joint SITS muscle |
| teres major m. | Origin - inferior angle of scapula Insertion - intertubercular sulcus of humerus Action - extends and medially rotates humerus |
| latissimus dorsi m. | Origin - spinous processes of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae; false ribs; thoracolumbar fascia Insertion - intertubercular sulcus of humerus Action - extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus |
| biceps brachi m | Origins long head - superior border of glenoid fossa short head - coracoid process Insertion - radial tuberosity Action - flexion of shoulder and elbow, supination of forearm |
| tricepts brachii m. | Insertion - olecranon process of ulna Action - elbow extension and adduction of humerus |
| piriformis m. | Origin - sacrum Insertion - greater trochanter of femur Action - lateral rotation of thigh; hip abduction |
| tensor fascae latae m. | Origin - anterior superior iliac spine and iliac crest Insertion - iliotibial tract Action - laterally supports knee by tensing iliotibial tract (plus abduction at hip) |
| gracilis m. | Origin - inferior pubic ramus Insertion - medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle (i.e. proximal medial tibia) Action - adducts thigh at hip, flexes at knee |
| psoas major m. | Action - flex thigh at hip; flex vertebral column (as in old style sit-up) |
| vastus lateralis m. | Origin - greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur Insertion - tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament Action - extends leg at knee part of quadriceps femoris group |
| rectus femoris m. | Origin - anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion - tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament Action - extends leg at knee; also flexes hip (brings closer to torso) part of quadriceps femoris group |
| vastus medialis m. | Origin - linea aspera of femur Insertion - tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament Action - extends leg at knee part of quadriceps femoris group |
| vastus intermedius m. | Origin - anterolateral surface of femur Insertion - tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament Action - extends leg at knee part of quadriceps femoris group |
| biceps femors m. | Origins long head - ischial tuberosity short head - linea aspera Insertion - head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia Actions long head - knee flexion and hip extension short head - knee flexion (does not cross hp so cannot act at that joint) part of hamstring group |
| semimembranosus m. | Origin - ischial tuberosity Insertion - medial condyle of tibia (posterior surface) Action - knee flexion and hip extension part of hamstring group |
| semitendinosus m. | Origin - ischial tuberosity Insertion - proximal, medial surface of tibia Action - knee flexion and hip extension part of hamstring group |
| gastrocnemius m. | Origin - just above femoral condyles Insertion - calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) Action - plantar flexion and knee flexion |
| ligamentum nuchae | a large, elastic ligament that connects spinous processes of cervical vertebra and inserts on occipital bone |
| adduction | i.e. retraction of scapulae |
| abduction | i.e.protraction of scapulae |
| lateral rotation | i.e. external rotation |
| medial rotation | i.e. internal rotation |
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