Chapter 11 Genetics & Inheritance
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Created by:
LynnSchiavo on March 6, 2012
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 genotype | genetic make-up of an organism, eg., Tt |
| phenotype | physical characteristic of an organism, eg., blonde hair |
| homozygous | organism that has two identical alleles for a gene = pure breed=true breeding, eg., TT or tt |
| heterozygous | organism that has different alleles for a gene, eg., Tt |
| Incomplete dominance | Heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes; eg., white and black result in gray |
| Co-dominance | when both alleles show up in the phenotypes, eg, solid color feather parents in speckled chicken feathers |
| Gene | factors that determine a trait passed from one generation to the next |
| Genetics | study of heredity; how traits are inherited from geneneration to generation |
| allele | different forms of a gene |
| dominant | dominant allele hides or masks the recessive; represented by a capital letter |
| recessive | recessive allele is hidden or masked by the dominant |
| Law of Segregation | For sexually reproducing organisms (like plants and animals) they inherit 2 copies of each gene. |
| Gamete | sex cells used for reproduction; guys and girls produce gametes |
| Probability | likelihood that a particular event will take place |
| Gregor Mendel | the father of genetics |
| Fertilization | process in which male and female gametes join to produce a new cell |
| hybrid | offspring between parents with different traits and characteristics..heterozygous |
| Pure breed | describes organisms that for many generations have offspring identical to the parent in a characteristic..homozygous |
| Trait | specific characteristic of an individual |
| Principle of Dominance | Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive |
| Independent Assortment | genes for different traits segregate independently when gametes are formed |
| Punnett Square | mathematical diagram that can be used to predict the offspring of a genetic cross |
| Multiple Allele | more than two alleles are involved in a phenotype |
| Polygenic Trait | involves the interaction of two or more genes |
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