Chapter 5 Vocab
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Created by:
madisonelizabeth on March 7, 2012
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell cycle | pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell |
| mitosis | process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents |
| cytokinesis | process by which the cell cytoplasm divides |
| chromosome | long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory info |
| histone | protein that organizes chromosome and around which DNA wraps |
| chromatin | loose combo of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase |
| chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
| centromere | part of condensed chromosome that looks pinched |
| telomere | repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes |
| prophase | 1st phase of mitosis |
| metaphase | 2nd phase of mitosis |
| anaphase | 3rd phase of mitosis |
| telophase | last phase of mitosis |
| growth factor | broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death |
| cancer | common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division |
| benign | having no dangerous effect on health |
| mailgnant | cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body |
| metastasize | to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body |
| carcinogen | substance that causes cancer |
| asexual reproduction | process by which offspring are produced from a single-parent |
| binary fission | asexual reproduction in which a single-called organisn divides into 2 equal parts |
| tissue | group of cells that work together to preform a single function |
| organ | group of different types of tissue that work together to preform a specific function or related function |
| organ system | two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions |
| cell differentiation | process by which unspecialized cells develop into mature form and function |
| stem cell | cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated |
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