Art History: Exam I
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clairedycats on March 7, 2012
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anamorph | An image that appears distorted, because it is constructed on an elongated grid, rendering it unintelligible until it is viewed from a specific, extremely oblique point of view. |
| Atmospheric perspective | Ther perception of depth in nature can be enhanced by the appearance of atmospheric haze. Although this haze is most commonly humidity (or cloudiness), it could be rain or snow, smoke, or any other kind of vapor. |
| Baroque | The art style of the Counter Reformation in the 17th century. Although some features appear in Dutch art, the Baroque stlye was limited mainly to Catholic countries. It is a style in which painters, sculptors, and artchitects sought emotion, movement, and variety in their works. Warped. |
| Basilica | In architecture, this is a type of public building erected in ancient Rome as a hall of justice and commerce. Basilicas had a rectangular plan with two or four rows of columns placed along the longer axis to support the roof, and an entrance on a long side. It incorporates a nave, aisles, and clerestory, with its main entrance at one end, and an apse at the other. |
| Buon Fresco | A fresco painting technique in which alkaline resistant pigments, ground in water, are applied to plaster when it is still wet. The buon fresco technique consists of painting with pigment ground in water on a thin layer of wet, fresh, lime mortar or plaster. Because of the chemical makeup of the plaster, a binder is not required. After a number of hours the plaster reacts with the air in a process called carbonation: this chemical reaction fixes the pigment particles at the plaster's surface in a protective crystalline mesh known as the lime crust. |
| Clerestory | A wall of a building that is raised above an adjoining room. This section of wall has windows. The walls of a nave in a Christian church are higher than the roof over the side aisles, for example, and the clerestory contains windows for light and ventilation. |
| Confraternities | A brotherhood, especially with a charitable or religious purpose. |
| Contrapposto | Literally, "counter-pose". It is used to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. This gives the figure a more dynamic, or alternatively relaxed appearance. It can also be used to refer to multiple figures that are in counter-pose (or opposite pose) to one another. It can further encompass the tension as a figure changes from resting on a given leg to walking or running upon it. Contrapposto is less emphasized than the more sinuous S-curve. |
| Council of Trent | In 1534 the newly elected pope, Paul III, recognized that the church must respond to this Reformation movement with its own reforms. He therefore convened the Council of Trent in Italy and ordered council members to review all aspects of the church. Out of their deliberations emerged the modern Catholic Church. The reforms brought an end to the selling of indulgences (pardons of sins), introduced educational requirements for parish priests, established standardized worship services, and reorganized the laws of the church. |
| Counter-Reformation | The Roman Catholic Church's answer to the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century in Europe. There had been calls for church reform voiced by parishioners and members of the Roman Catholic clergy for more than 200 years. Finally, Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Castle Church in 1517. Attacking the doctrines and authority of the church in the theses, Luther sparked the Reformation, and leaders of the movement - Called Protestants since they protested against the Catholic Church - totally transformed religious life in Europe by creating new Christian churches. In 1534 the newly elected pope, Paul III, recognized that the church must respond to this Reformation movement with its own reforms. He therefore convened the Council of Trent in Italy and ordered council members to review all aspects of the church. Out of their deliberations emerged the modern Catholic Church. The reforms brought an end to the selling of indulgences (pardons of sins), introduced educational requirements for parish priests, established standardized worship services, and reorganized the laws of the church. The Counter-Reformation was aided by the Jesuits, brothers and priests who belonged to the Society of Jesus, a religious order dedicated to education and missionary work. The Jesuits were instrumental in spreading the reforms and promoting a new spirit among Catholics throughout Europe and in converting native peoples in North America. |
| Disguised symbolism | Biosssociations of visual forms which occur so subtly that they are not immediately or easily apparent to the conscious mind of the viewer. |
| Double scale | XXXXXXXXX |
| Fresco | A method of painting on either dry or wet plaster. |
| Fresco Secco | A fresco painting technique in which pigments ground in water are tempered using yolk or whole egg mixed with water which are applied to plaster that has been moistened to simulate fresh plaster. |
| Gothic | The name given to the style of arthictecture, painting, and sculpture with flourished in western Europe, mainly France and England, between the 12th and 15th centuries - the later Middle Ages. |
| Gothic S curve | The hip is thrust outward laterally in an exaggerated position, creating a distortion of the spine that resembles a modified S-curve. |
| Humanism | Any attitude that gives priority to human endeavors, their values, capacities, worth, interests, needs, and welfare, rather than to those of the gods, the spirits, the animals, or any other non-human thing (i.e. The Vertruvian Man) |
| Hieratic (or Hierarchic) Scale | XXXXXXXXXXXX |
| Iconoclasm | XXXXXXXXXXXX |
| Indulgences | XXXXXXXXXXXX |
| Intuitive perspective | Figures diminish their scale as they recede into the distance |
| Linear perspective | A style in which all elements within a painting converge at a single point in the distance, allowing Renaissance artists to create more realistic settings for their works. Theorized by Brunelleschi. |
| Mannerism | XXXXXXXXXXXXXX |
| Momento Mori | A reminder of death or mortality |
| Nave | The central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. |
| Oligarchy | A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. |
| Orthogonals | the converging lines that meet at the vanishing point in the system of linear perspective. |
| Pietra Serena | soft blue-gray stone (Bruneslleschi) |
| Realism of particulars | charming or touching subjects; graceful poses; sweet facial expressions; concern for naturalistic details/carefully rendered costumes and textured patterns; palette of bright and pastel colors with liberal touches of gold |
| Reformation | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX |
| Relief sculpture | A kind of sculpture in which a design or image is carved into a flat surface. |
| Representation | To stand for or symbolize; to depict or portray subjects a viewer may recognize as having a likeness; the opposite of abstraction. |
| Sfumato | The technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms. This technique was largely developed by da Vinci during the Renaissance. |
| Studiolo | A room serving as a study or retreat, furnished with books and works of art. |
| Usury | The illegal action of lending money at unreasonably high rates of interest. |
| Vanishing point | In linear perspective, a position on a horizon where lines or rays between near and distant places appear to come together. In order to produce an illusion of depth in a two-dimensional representation of space, artists sometimes use one, two, or more vanishing points. |
| Wood cut | A print made by cutting a design in side-grain of a block of wood. The ink is transferred from the raised surfaces to paper. (Albrecht Dührer) |
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