| Term | Definition |
|---|
| functions in ionic form | iodide |
| Males 19-30: 150 ug; females 19-30: 150 ug | RDA for iodide |
| Plants and animals, fortified foods | sources of iodide |
| varies greatly depending on soil and water content | plant and animal sources |
| bound to amino acids, free as iodate (IO3-) or iodide (I-) | eaten iodide |
| throughout the GI and the stomach | absorption of iodide |
| main site of iodide | thyroid gland |
| ovaries, placenta, skin, gastric, salivary and mammary glands have | small amounts of iodide |
| iodide found here for excretion | kidneys |
| synthesis of thyroid hormones | function of iodide |
| thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3) | thyroid hormones |
| necessary for growth and development | thyroid hormones |
| regulation of basal metabolic rate | thyroid hormones |
| hyperthyroidism = | increased BMR |
| hypothyroidism = | decreased BMR |
| causes weight loss | hyperthyroidism |
| causes weight gain | hypothyroidism |
| collects iodide via Na/K ATPase pump (around 60 mg/d) | thyroid cells |
| converted to iodide | iodine |
| binds to tyrosine residue to produce MIT | iodide |
| MIT | monoiodotyrosine |
| iodinates to DIT | MIT |
| DIT | diiodotyrosine |
| = triiodothyronine (T3) | DIT + MIT |
| = thyroxine (T4) | DIT + DIT |
| found in higher concentrations than T3 | T4 |
| can be converted to T3 with selenium | T4 |
| has 4 iodides | T4 |
| has 3 iodides | T3 |
| has two tyrosines | T3 and T4 |
| small part of the brain above the pituitary | hypothalamus |
| produces thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) | hypothalamus |
| stimulates the release of TSH | TRH |
| located at the base of the brain | pituitary gland |
| produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | pituitary gland |
| causes the release of TSH | low levels of thyroid hormone in the blood |
| stimulates thyroid hormone production | TSH |
| causes the growth of thyroid cells | TSH |
| it turns off TSH and TRH production | when T3 and T4 are in the blood |
| = decreased synthesis of T3 and T4 | iodide deficiency |
| stimulates TRH and TSH and stays on | iodide deficiency |
| causes and increase in size of thyroid gland | persistent low levels of iodine |
| enlargement of thyroid gland due to disease, pregnancy or puberty | goiter |
| substances that inhibit iodide metabolism and thyroid hormone synthesis | goitrogens |
| used to treat bi-polar disorder and inhibits the release of hormone from gland | lithium |
| prevents uptake of iodide at thyroid gland | foods containing thiocyanates |
| cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, turnips show | no evidence that they will cause a goiter |
| consumed in large enough quantities in third world countries to be directly related to goiter formation | cassava |
| there is none | toxicity |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace