Boards-Chemistry-Lipids(18%)
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 9 | lipids have _____kcal/g |
| true | true or false,lipids are water insoluble |
| ester | type of bond between glycerol and fatty acid |
| saturated fatty acids | none carbon to carbon double bonds-found in lard,butter,coconut and palm oil |
| MUFA | one carbon-carbon double bond-found in olive oil,olives, peanuts,peanut oil,canola oil,almonds,pecans,avocados |
| PUFA | more than one carbon-carbon double bond-found in sunflower,corn,cottonseed,soybean oil, linoleic and linolenic acids |
| linoleic and linolenic | essential fatty acids |
| linoleic | omega 6 FA |
| linolenic | omega 3 FA |
| polyunsaturated veggie oils | where is linoleic acid found? |
| arachidonic | what acid becomes essential when linoleic is absent from diet? |
| 20:4 | how many carbons to double bonds in arachidonic acid |
| 18:3 | how many carbons to double bonds in linolenic acid? |
| 18:2 | how many carbons to double bonds in linoleic acid? |
| 20:5 | how many carbons to double bonds in EPA |
| triglycerides | 3 fatty acids and glycerol |
| phospholipids | 2 fatty acids and glycerol,found in all cell membranes |
| sterols | cholesterol belonds to a group called this |
| ATP,Mg,NADPH | what does cholesterol require? |
| liver | this converts cholesterol into bile |
| mixed micelle | fat and bile |
| MASH(mevalonate,acetyl CoA,squalene,HMG CoA | precursors for cholesterol |
| HMG CoA Reductase | what is an allosteric enzyme? |
| intestinal mucose | where are chylomicrons found? |
| chylomicron | transports dietary lipids to body-transports most triglycerides |
| VLDL | transports endogenous lipids from liver to body-doesnt transport many proteins |
| LDL | transportes cholestrol from liver to body |
| HDL | removes excess free choleterol from blood-has LCAT |
| lipolysis | breakdown of triglycerides |
| lipase | what enzyme breaks down triglycerides? |
| mitochondria | where does beta oxidation occur? |
| beta oxidation | cuts fatty acid chain two carbons at time to make acetyl CoA |
| carnitine | what does beta oxidation require that drives fatty acid chain into mitochondria? |
| Acetyl Coa,FADH,NADH | what does beta oxidation produce? |
| 3 | how many carbon molecule does beta oxidation leave? |
| ketogenesis | forms ketone bodies during fasting-can increase in diabetes and pregnancy |
| acetoacetate,acetone,hydroxybutyrate | what are the ketone bodies? |
| acetyl Coa | what is the primary substrate of lipogenesis |
| cytoplasm | where does lipogenesis take place? |
| malonyl CoA | the most important intermediate during lipogenesis |
| ATP,insulin | what stimulate lipogenesis |
| epinephrine,glucagon | what inhibits lipogenesis |
| mouth-lingual lipase,SI | where does digestion of fats take place? |
| kinase | transfers a phosphate |
| mitochondria | kreb's cycle location |
| inner mitochondria | ETC location |
| leucine | ketogenic amino acid |
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