Lesson 7
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MissE316 Plus on March 7, 2012
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Medical Terminology
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121 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 -ance, -ancy | A state or condition; the act of. Brilli/ance - the state or condition of being brilliant. Assist/ance - the act of assisting. |
| ition | (same meaning as -ation, see word terminals, lesson 4) a process, action or condition. Add/ition - the process of adding prohib/ition - the act of denying, prohibiting. |
| -ician | of or belonging to; frequently, a person belonging to or associated with. *This terminal is a combination of -ic and -ian, an, ian, and carries the same meaning as -an, -ian. techn/ician, electr/ician, phys/ician, mathemat/ician |
| adenxopexy | adnex/o/pexy the operation of fixing the uterine adnexa to the abdominal walls. |
| adnxitis | adnex/itis inflammation of the uterine adnexa. |
| antrum | antr/um sinus;cavity or chamber, especially within a bone. |
| antral | antr/ al pertaining to a sinus or an antrum. |
| antrostomy | antr/ostomy the operation of making an opening into an antrum for the purpose of drainage. |
| antrodynia | antr/odyn/ia pain in an antrum |
| adenasthenia | aden/asthenia a weakness in glandular secretion, deficient glandular activity |
| gastric adenasthenia | gastr/ic aden/asthenia deficient glandular secretion in glandular secretion in the stomach. |
| astenia | asthen/ia lack or loss of strength and energy weakness. |
| asthenic | asthen/ic pertaining to or characterized by asthenia |
| asthenopia | asthen/op/ia a condition of weakness in the eye |
| astrocyte | astr/ o/cyt/e a star shaped cell especially such a cell, especially such a cell of the supporting structure of nervous tissue |
| astroid | astr/oid star shaped |
| astrocytoma | astr/o/cyt/oma a tumor composed of star-shaped cells. |
| hypocinia, hypocrinism | hypo/crin/ia, hypo/crin/ism deficient secretion of any endocrine gland. |
| hypercrinia, hypercrinism | hyper/crin/ia, hyper/crin/ism excessive secretion of any endocrine gland |
| crinogenic | crin/o/gen/ic stimulating (producing) secretion |
| thyroid gland | growth and metabolism |
| pituitary gland | skeletal growth |
| adrenal gland | responds to need for increased body activity under stress gonads, the female ovaries and the male testes - reproduction |
| dacryoadenitis | dacry/o/aden/itis inflammation of a lacrimal gland |
| dacryocystectomy | dacry/o/cyst/ectomy - excision of the wall of the lacrimal sac |
| lacrimal gland | dacryadeno- |
| tear sac or tear bladder = lacrimal sac | dacrycysto- |
| dura mater | the outermost of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord |
| induration | in/dur/ation hardness; the act or process of becoming hard (in- has the ordinary sense of "within," thus induration has the literal meaning of "a process of within or inner hardness") |
| superdural | super/dur/al situatied above or external to the dura mater |
| fasculus | fasci/cul/us a small bundle or cluster; used to designate a small bundle of nerve or muscle fibers |
| fasciodesis | fasci/o/desis the operation of suturing a fascia to one of the tissues attached to the skeleton |
| fasciorrhaphy | fasci/o/rrhaphy - the suturing together of torn fascia |
| heliosensitivity | helio/ sensitivity sensitivity to sunlight |
| heliosis | helio/sis sun stroke |
| heliotherapy | helio/therapy the treatment of disease by exposing the body to the sun's rays; therapeutic sunbathing |
| hynotic | hypnot/ic inducing sleep; a drug that acts to induce sleep; pertaining to or the nature of hypnotism |
| hypnotism | hypnot/ism the method or practice of an artificially induced passive state in which there is increased responsiveness to suggestions and commands. |
| ahypnia | a/hypn/ia "not sleep" (you will recall that the prefix a- has a meaning "not."); abnormal wakefulness, insomnia. |
| iso | prefix is used widely to indicate "sameness." Can also be combined with the prefix an- meaning "not," to indicate "not equal" or "inequality" |
| isocellular | iso/cell/ul/ar composed of cells of the same size and kind |
| isopia | is/op/ia equality of vision in the two eyes. |
| anisodont | an/is/odont having teeth of unequal size or length |
| anisopia | an/is/op/ia inequality of vision in the two eyes |
| anisomastia | an/iso/mast/ia inequality of the breasts |
| lapar- | applies to the lower back and sides, that is, the soft fleshy parts of the back and sides between the bones of the ribs and the hip bone. However, the root is used loosely to include the front of the cavity as well. It is in this looser or wider sense that the frequent word laparotomy is used: |
| laparotomy | lapar/otomy surgical incision of the flank; less correctly but more generally abdominal incison at any point in the abdominal wall |
| hysterolaparotomy | hyster/o/lapar/otomy incision of the womb through the abdominal wall |
| thoracolaparotomy | thorac/o/lapar/otomy incision through both the thorax and the abdomen |
| laparorrhaphy | lapar/o/rrhaphy suturing of the abdominal wall |
| laparogastrotomy | lapar/o/gastr/otomy the creation of a permanent opening to the stomach through the abdominal wall |
| malign- | this root is derived from the latin word "malignans" that means acting maliciously. It is used most always to denote something bad that is going to get worse: |
| malignant | malign/ant tending to become progressively worse and to result in death if not treated |
| malignancy | malign/ancy a tendency to spread or become progressively worse; used most frequently with cancerous growths which tend to progressively invade (spread among) the tissues of the body. |
| Malignant vs benign | opposites |
| mental | ment/al pertaining to the mind |
| mentality | ment/al/ity mental power or activity |
| dementia | de/ment/ia a general term for mental deterioration (the prefix de- means "down" "down from") |
| Ment- | meaning "mind" is not extensively used in forming medical terms, the root PSYCH- being the preferred element in words or expressions relating to the mind. Also, there may be confusion with the more widely used root ment- meaning "chin." |
| ocular | ocul/ar pertaining to the eye |
| ocul/us | name for the eye |
| oculonasal | ocul/o/nas/al pertaining to the eye and the nose |
| oculopathy | ocul/o/path/y any disease or disorder of the eye |
| opthalm | also denotes the eye or eyes and that opt- is a form menaing visible, or denoting relationship to vision or sight. Both ocul- and opthalm- relate to the eye as a PHYSICAL or ANATOMICAL oragan. |
| Ocul- | is generally used more as a landmark while opthalm is used more to designate CONDITIONS OF THE EYE and therapies applied to it: |
| oculofacial | ocul/o/facial pertaining to the eyes and face |
| ophthalmorrhexis | ophthalm/o/rrhexis rupture of the eye or eyeball |
| optician | opt/ic/ian one who prepares lens per a prescription to improve or correct vision. |
| part- | this root is closely related to our common use of the word -part- in the sese of "to separate from" since delivery or giving birth is the process whereby the mother is separated or "parted" from her offspring. |
| parturition | part/ur/ition the act or process of giving birth to a child |
| postpartum | post/part/um occuring after childbirth or after delivery post- means "after" and is discussed more fully in lesson 10. |
| prepartal | pre/part/al occuring before or just previous to labor pre- means "before" and is discussed more fully in lesson 10. |
| podalic | pod/al/ic accomplished by means of the foot, as in obstetrical deliveries (versions) |
| -podia | -pod/ia condition of the foot |
| ped | denotes either foot or child |
| pedodontics | ped/odont/ics the department of dentistry dealing with the oral health of children |
| pedopathy | ped/o/path/y any disease of the foot |
| pediatrician | ped/iatr/ician a physician specializing in the diseases of children. |
| podiatry | pod/iatr/y the diagnosis and treatment of disease of the foot |
| podiatrist | pod/iatr/ist one who practices podiatry. Usually a podiatrist is not a doctor of medicine and is limited by his license to diseases of the foot. |
| scirr, frequently scirrh- | is used to denote relationships to a scirrhus which is the name for a hard, cancerous tumor. |
| scirrhus | scirrh/us name for a hard, cancerous tumor |
| scirrhous | scirrh/ous pertaining to the nature of a scirrhus |
| scirrhus | is also used as a word ending, the first element(s) in the word adding additional descriptions: |
| mastoscirrhus | mast/o/scirrh/us a hard cancer of the breast |
| dacryadenoscirrhus | darcy/aden/o/scirrh/us a hard cancerous tumor (a scirrhus) of the lacrimal (tear) gland |
| scler | used in medical terms to indicate the condition of abnormal hardness |
| sclerous | scler/ous hard; indurated (in/dur/ated) |
| sclerosis | scler/osis a hardening; an induration; especially hardening of a part from inflammation. It may also be used as a word ending (-sclerosis) with preceeding element(s) in th word providing more information. |
| scler- | reference to the sclera, "the white of the eye," the white cover of the eyeball that surrounds the back five-sixths of the eyeball |
| sclera | scler/a the tough, white supporting cover of the eyeball covering approximately the back 5/6th of its surface |
| sclerotic | sclerot/ic pertaining to hardness or hardening; pertaining to the sclera. |
| dura | shortened name for the dura mater, the hard outer covering of the brain and spinal cord. An important exception to this usage is the word induration (in/dur/ation) that means "hardness" or "the process of hardening." |
| scirrh | used almost exclusively in reference to a hard, cancerous tumor. |
| scler | can mean "hardness" or be a reference to "the white of the eye." |
| septum | sept/um general term in anatomy to designate a dividing wall or partition |
| nasal septum | nas/al sept/um the partition sepatating the two nasal cavities (nostrils) |
| sept- | When ____ is used with no other qualification as in septectomy (sept/ectomy), septotomy (sept/otomy), the reference is to the nasal septum. |
| Septal | sept/al pertaining to a septum |
| septulum | septul/um a small separating wall or partition |
| sinus | there are many cavities, hollows and spaces in the body that are designated as sinuses. the most familiar are the para/nasal sinuses that are air cavities in the cranial bones communicating with the nasal cavity. |
| sinusoid | sinus/oid resembling a sinus; used to designate blood channels in organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, pancreas |
| sinusotomy | sinus/otomy surgical incision of a sinus |
| sinusology | sinus/ology that branch of medicine which has to do with the sinuses |
| somal, somatic | som/al, somat/ic pertaining to the body |
| soma | som/a denoting the body as distinguished from the mind |
| somatomegaly | somat/o/megal/y abnormal size of a body; giantism |
| somatotherapy | somat/o/therap/y treatment aimed at curing the ills of the body. |
| somasthenia | som/asthenia a condition of bodily weakness |
| somatopathy | somat/o/path/y a bodily disorder as distinguished from a mental one. |
| somatopsychic | somat/o/psych/ic pertaining to both body and mind |
| psychosomatic | psych/o/somat/ic pertaining to the mind-body relationship; having bodily symptoms of a psychic, emotional or mental origin |
| tarsus | tars/us the ankle region |
| tarsal | tars/al pertaining to the instep; pertaining to the ankle bones (tarsal bones) |
| metatarsus | meta/tars/us the part of the foot between the ankle (tarsus) and the toes. (Meta- means "beyond," therefore, the literal translation of metatarsus is "beyond the tarsus," "beyond the ankle") |
| metatarsal | meta/tars/al pertaining to the metatarsus; one of the five bones between the ankle and the toes |
| -ectopia | ec/top/ia suffix meaning displacement; literally, "a condition of (ia) out of (ec-) place (top)." The stem is attached to organs or parts indicating such a displacement: |
| osteoectopia | oste/o/ec/top/ia |
| myectopia | my/ec/top/ia |
| topical | top/ic/al pertaining to a particular spot; local; as in topical anesthesia (local anesthesia) versus general anesthesia |
| topalgia | top/algia fixed or localized pain |
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