The Peripheral Nervous System Lecture #2
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nerve | Made of bundle of neurons held together by Connective tissue & nourished w/blood from blood vessels. |
| What are the 3 Functional classifications of nerves? | Sensory, Motor, & Mixed |
| Sensory Nerve | A nerve that contains ONLY sensory neurons. |
| What direction do action potentials travel on a sensory neuron? | Towards the Central Nervous System |
| What would happen if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were damaged? | Loss of Sensory function |
| Motor Nerve | A nerve that contains ONLY motor neuron |
| What direction do action potentials travel on a motor neuron? | Away from the Central Nervous System |
| What would happen if the ventral root of a spinal nerve were damaged? | Loss of Motor function |
| Mixed Nerve | A nerve that contains BOTH sensory & motor neurons |
| What direction do action potentials travel on a mixed nerve? | Both directions- Towards & Away the CNS |
| What would happen if the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve were damaged? | Loss of BOTH sensory & motor function |
| Spinal nerve | Mixed nerves formed where the dorsal & ventral roots unite |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
| Which rami (dorsal or ventral) form the 4 nerve plexuses? | Ventral Rami ( cervical, lumbar, & sacral spinal nerves) |
| What are the 4 plexuses? | Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, & Sacral |
| What area of the body do the cervical plexuses innervate? | Muscles of the Head, neck, & diaphragm |
| What area of the body do the brachial plexuses innervate? | Pectoral girdle & Arms |
| What area of the body do the Lumbar plexuses innervate? | Leg- anterior,lateral,& middle, abdominal muscles |
| What area of the body do the Sacral plexuses innervate? | Leg- mostly posterior, pelvic girdle |
| What are the 3 cranial nerves that connect directly to the brain? | Olfactory, Optic, & Vagus |
| Type & function of the Olfactory nerve? | Sensory, transmits smell sensations to brain |
| Type & function of the Optic nerve? | Sensory, transmits visual sensations to the brain |
| Type & function of the Vagus Nerve? | Mixed, transmits both sensory & motor sensations from Thoracic & Abdominopelvic cavities |
| What is the name of cranial nerve I? | Olfactory nerve |
| What is the name of cranial nerve X? | Vagus nerve |
| What is the name of cranial nerve II? | Optic nerve |
| What is the difference between a general/somatic sense & a special sense w/regards to location & complexity of their receptors | General/somatic; receptors are all over the body, simple in structure Special Sense; receptors are located in specific sense organs & are complex in structure |
| What is the Afferent branch of the Peripheral Nervous System? | Sensory Division; it brings internal & external environmental information TOWARDS THE CNS |
| What is a Sensory receptor? | specialized cells or cell processes that detect changes in the internal/external environment, helps detect different stimuli |
| Examples of General/Somatic Senses? | temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception |
| Examples of Specialized Senses? | Smell, sight, taste, balance, hearing |
| Name the General/Somatic Receptors | Nociceptor, Thermoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Tactile Receptors |
| Nociceptors | Pain receptors, located superficial skin, joints, bones sensitive to temperature, mechanical damage;paper cut |
| Thermoreceptors | Temperature receptors, located in deep skin, skeletal muscles, liver, hypothalamus |
| Mechanoreceptors | Sensitive to stimuli that distort their plasma membrane |
| Proprioceptors | Monitor the position of joints & muscles |
| Baroreceptors | Pressure receptors; blood pressure |
| Tactile receptors | Touch, pressure, vibration receptors many located in skin |
| Chemoreceptors | Detects changes in the concentration of substances dissolved in body fluids |
| What is the name of the sense of smell, name of receptor & where in the brain is this sense processed? | Olfactory organs, Olfactory receptor cells, Temporal lobe |
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