1.
"Square Deal": Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers. In an 1902 coal miners strike, Roosevelt threatened business with federal troops and won labor a 10% wage increase and a 9hr workday but compromised by not getting the unions recognized.
2.
16th Amendment: Taft; US could collect income tax (originally proposed by Populists). => better distribution of wealth.
3.
17th Amendment: Direct election of senators instead of state legislators.
4.
19th Amendment: Wilson; Women suffrage.
5.
Alice Paul: Militant suffragist who did mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes. She broke from NAWSA to create to National Women's Party.
6.
Australian secret ballot: Started by Massachusetts. Voters got to make their choices in a curtained booth.
7.
Booker T. Washington: Head of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. In his Atlanta Exposition, he said blacks needed economic progress and that should be achieved through working up in industrial skills, then equality comes after.
8.
Carrie Chapman Catt: President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). She advocated women suffrage and said that women would be vital for the industrial world since they were sympathetic voters.
9.
Child Labor Act: Placed a 10% tax on profits of child employing companies. it was struck down by the Supreme Court
10.
Clayton Antitrust Act: Wilson; It strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act in order to break monopolies and fulfill his New Freedom. It also exempted unions from being prosecuted as trusts.
11.
direct primary: Developed by Robert La Folette. It put the nominating process for the state and federal officers in the hands of the voters. It limited most party bosses, however some used it to keep African Americans from voting.
12.
Elkins Act: Roosevelt; the Interstate Commerce Commission got more power to stop railraod rebates.
13.
Federal Farm Loan Act: Wilson; 12 regionals farm loan banks were established to provide farm loans at a low interest rate.
14.
Federal Reserve Act: Wilson; It created a stable and flexible currency of dollars and 12 districts that were under a Federal Reserve Board.
15.
Federal Trade Commission: Wilson; could take action against "unfair trade practice" in everything except banking and transportation.
16.
Forest Reserve Act: Roosevelt used this a lot so that federal land could be made a reserve and not sold to private interests.
17.
Hepburn Act: Roosevelt; the ICC could fix reasonable rates for railroads.
18.
Hiram Johnson: fought for railroad regulation in California helped to break the dominant grip of the Southern Pacific Railroad on California politics in 1910
19.
How was African American democracy declining after Reconstruction?: -Plessy v. Ferguson permitted segregation
-a lot of lynching
-Wilson segregated federal buildings
20.
initiative: Voters can propose a bill.
21.
Keating-Owens Act: Wilson; Act that prohibited companies from shipping across state lines if they employed children under the age of 14.
22.
Mann-Elkins Act: Taft; The ICC could get rid of new railroad rates and oversee phone and cable companies.
23.
McClure's Magazine: A magazine that printed Muckraking articles like that of Lincoln Steffens (Tweed Days in Saint Louis) and Ida Tarbell (The History of the Standard Oil Co.). Other magazine would inculde Collier's and Cosmopolitan.
24.
Meat Inspection Act: Roosevelt; post-The Jungle; it set federal minimum standards of sanitation.
25.
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Du Bois wanted to abolish segregation and increase black educational opportunities.
26.
National Conservation Commission: Roosevelt held a conference which led to the making of this commission. Gifford Pinchot was the first US Forest Service director.
27.
New Freedom: Wilson's pledge for limiting big business and big government, reform by ending corruption, and support for small businesses.
28.
New Nationalism: Roosevelt's idea of more government regulation of businesses and unions, women suffrage, and social welfare.
29.
Niagra Movement: 1905. Du Bois demanded equal rights for blacks in Canada.
30.
Payne-Aldrich Act: Taft raised the tariff on imports even when he promised to lower it.
31.
Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy: When Ballinger, the Sec. of the Interior opened public lands to private development, he was criticized by the repected Pinchot. Taft fired Pinchot for doing so, outraging many Progressives.
32.
recall: People can remove corrupt politicians from office by majority vote.
33.
referendum: People can vote on proposed laws.
34.
Robert La Follette: Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary, tax reform, and railroad regulation.
35.
Samuel "Golden Rule" Jones: Toledo, Ohio mayor that initiated municipal or local reform. He started free kindergartens, night schools, and public playgrounds.
36.
Sherman Antitrust Act: Used by Roosevelt to bust the Northern Securities Company, a trust of railroads.
37.
The Pure Food and Drug Act: Roosevelt; no mislabled food and drugs. Created after Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle.
38.
Tom Johnson: Mayor that introduced tax reform, 3 cent trolley fares for Cleveland Ohio, and fought for but did not suceed in getting public ownership of water, electricity, and trolleys.
39.
Underwood Tariff: Wilson; lowered the tariff significantly and started a graduated income tax to make up for the lost of revenue.
40.
Walter Rauschenbusch: Social Gospel
41.
Web Du Bois: Wrote the Souls of Black Folk. He criticized Washington and favored demanding balck political and social rights before economic independence.
42.
What did Taft for conservation efforts?: 1.Bureau of Mines
2.Appalachian added to forest reserves.
3.First president to set aside federal oil lands.
