World War 2 Malvasi
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | -Germany and Russia -treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war. |
| Treaty of Neuilly | -Bulgaria -loses land to Greece -war reparations -reduce army to 200,000 men |
| Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye | -Declared Austria-Hungary empire be dissolved -war reparations |
| Treaty of Trianon | -Hungary becomes independent state with defined borders -forced to give up land to surrounding nations |
| Treaty of Sevres | -Dismantled the Ottoman Empire -solidified territory between Turkey, Italy, Japan, Greece |
| Article 231 | -"war-guilt clause" in the Treaty of Versailles that placed total responsibility for World War I on Germany |
| David Lloyd George | -Prime Minister of G.B., didn't want France to control Rhineland |
| Woodrow Wilson | -US Pres. -against Treaty of Versailles because wanted fairer treatment for Germany |
| Saar Basin | -East side of Germany -Governed by League of Nations -after 15 years, people could decide to join Germany or France--> chose Germany |
| League of Nations | -pushed by Woodrow Wilson to give the world a united front for peace -44 countries, 31 of which were involved in the war -US didn't join |
| Adolph Thiers | -President of France during 1871-1873 -defeated by Germans in Francpression War |
| Senator Henry Cabot Lodge | -Senator of Mass. -Led congress in the rejection of Treaty of Versailles -Spoke for Republican side, believed that US was too involved in European conflicts and US would play the expensive role of police |
| Ferdinand Foch | -French soldier and war theorist -predicted that Treaty of Versailles wasn't a peace treaty but a 20 twenty year truce |
| Hippolyte Taine | -French philosopher/historian (1828-1893) -predicted 20th century to be full of bloodshed and bankruptcy |
| Battle of Verdun | -(1916) Germany vs. France -fought on northeastern side of France -one of the major battles of the western front -700,000 casualties |
| Paul Valery | -French philosopher, historian, poet, essayist -"mind has been cruelly wounded" |
| Liberalism | -political, economic, an ethical philosophy that emphasizes individual freedom, economic competition, and free market -equality before law |
| Nationalism | -a political philosophy that emphasizes the primacy of the nation-state -love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it |
| Dictatorship | -a form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in the hands of a single figure or a small group |
| Wilfred Owen | -English poet -It's a lie to die justly for your country |
| Socialism | -an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all |
| xenophobia | -fear of foreigners |
| Anti-Semitism | -fear and hatred of Jews |
| Dr. Karl Lueger | -Mayor of Vienna (1910) -Founder of Christian Socialist Party -wanted to remove all non-Germans from Austrian Empire |
| Reichstrat | -Austrian legislature -controlled by the Christian Socialist Party |
| Charles Maurras | -founder of "integral nationalism" -believed in strong govt. that wielded citizens into a serving role -monarchy run by aristocratic class -Roman Catholic was only religion with full rights |
| Why Liberalism Failed | 1. Did not solve socio-economic problems in Europe 2. no strong/ well organized political parties 3. no agreement on political principles 4. inability of parliaments to cope with increased responsibilities of govt. |
| Max Weber | -German sociologist -predicted that parliament would become servants of people in power (bureaucracies) that were not responsible to anyone |
| European Bourgeoisie | -European middle-class -taxes and inflation on the middle class after WW1 -inflation further eroded wealth -birth rates declined -sexual morality and practice became more free and loose |
| Popular Front | -liberals, socialists, and communists of Spain formed political party -King Alfonso XIII |
| Francisco Franco | -Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, helped by Hitler and Mussolini |
| Spanish Civil War | -(1936-1939) -Popular Front vs. Spanish Fascist Party -Allowed for Germany and Italy to test out guns and tactics and give soldiers experience in battle -Hitler and Mussolini became friends again |
| Jose Ortega | -Spanish philosopher -Europeans were developing the right to be unreasonable |
| Carl Jung | -Swiss psychologist -man was in a state where they could not sort out good from bad |
| Engelbert Dolfuss | -Chancellor of Austria -leader in Christian Socialist Party -wanted Austria to be a one party empire -did not want to join union with Germany -assassinated in 1934 by Austrian Nazi's |
| John Meynard Keynes | -English economist -allies set aside morals and values in order to punish Germany -European countries rise and fall together economically |
| Bolshevik Revolution | -1917 -powerful communist group that tried to overthrow Russia -ushered in communist movement |
| Antonio de Oliveira Salazar | -fascist leader who overthrew Portugal government |
| Christian Socialist Party | -controlled Austrian countryside -military wing: Heimwehr |
| SocialDemocratic Party | -controlled Vienna -military wing: Schutzbund |
| Volkish thought | -the belief that German culture is superior and that the German people have a universal mission to save Western civilization from inferior races. |
| Paul de Legarde | -called for restoration of German Pagan faith-->called Jews enemy of society-->source of Hitler's ideology |
| Non-Intervention Agreement | -agreement to keep all countries out of internal affairs of Spain -ignored by Germany, Italy, and Russia in Spanish Civil War |
| Third Republic of France | -Reform of French government led by Leon Blum -overthrown by Nazi Germany |
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