APEC Chapter 10
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Created by:
elpenguino13 on August 2, 2009
Subjects:
ap european history, chapter 10
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 William and the Norman Conquest | Invaded England ( Hastings) and defeated Harold Godwinson to become king;conquest brought dramatic change and created strong, centralized monarchy |
| Domesday Book | Book William of Normandy commissioned;royal officials ascertained who owned/held land in tenancy |
| Oath of Salisbury Plain | Because of this promise, William made all subvassals swear loyalty to him as both king and liege lord (primary loyalty to king) |
| Henry II | Developed exchequer,strengthened royal courts and made common law popular |
| Common law | law common to the whole kingdom |
| Thomas Becket | archbishop of Canterbury,claimed only church courts could try clerics,murdered after Henry II publicly expressed desire to get rid of him |
| Magna Carta | Feudal document aimed to limit powers of monarch affecting relations between king and vassals/king and church |
| Parliament | Institution of citizens of England to deal with political affairs |
| Capetian Dynasty | French kings that had little power;formally "overlords" of the actually more powerful dukes of France |
| Philip II Augustus | Waged war against Plantagenets to win back parts of France,greatly enlarged powers and inaugurated French royal bureaucracy |
| Philip IV the Fair | Formed 3 major branches of royal administration, formed French parliament ( Estates-General) |
| Estates-General | 1st French parliament |
| Aragon and Castile | 2 strongest Spanish kingdoms;made significant conquests of Muslim territory |
| Reconquista | Christian mission to expel Muslim infidels |
| Holy Roman Empire | Italy+Germany |
| Robert Guiscard | Led a group of Norman adventurers and conquered much of southern Italy |
| Frederick I Barbarossa | German king who wanted to make Italy center of the HRE but was defeated;returned later and created foundation to form HRE |
| Frederick II | most brilliant of Hohenstaufen rulers,wanted to control Italy but lost war,left Germany in confusion and Italy fell into confusion after his death |
| Teutonic Knights | Group founded to protect the Christian Holy Land;however, attacked Slavs and forced them to convert |
| Mongols | Unified by Genghis Khan,conquered China,Korea, Baghdad,Russia,had little impact on Europe |
| Alexander Nevsky | Russian prince who won favor by cooperating with Mongols, got title of "grand-prince" |
| abbey of Cluny | Started reform when Duke William founded it;renewed dedication to highest spiritual ideals |
| Pope Gregory VII | Greatest of reform popes of 11th century;didn't want lay investiture |
| lay investiture | the interference of nonclergy members in elections and their participation in the installation of prelates(high members of church) |
| Canossa | Countess Matilda's castle;where Henry IV begged for forgiveness in order to get Pope Gregory VII to lift his excommunication |
| Concordat of Worms | a compromise made so that prealtes were elected by church officials,then paid homage to the king as his secular lord |
| Papal monarchy | clear administrative structure of the Catholic church(pope,cardinals,archbishops,bishops,priests) |
| Pope Innocent III | believed that as pope,he was supreme judge of European affairs;used interdict(forbade priests to give sacraments of church in hope that people would go against the king without their comforts of religion) |
| Cistercians | religious order founded by monks who weren't happy with the lack of strict discipline of Benedictine monastery;played major rule in forming new strict spiritual model;didn't emphasize prayer |
| Saint Bernard of Clairveaux | said,"Arise,soldier of Christ,arise!";embodied Cistercian monasticism |
| Hildegard of Bingen | abbess of convent in western Germany;wrote 3 books about mystical visions;1 of 1st important female composers and contributors to Gregorian chants |
| Saint Francis of Assisi | born wealthy but lived in simple poverty;begged and preached;started Order of Friars Minor/Franciscans |
| Poor Clares | female branch of Franciscans founded by St. Clare |
| Dominicans | rose out of desire to defend orthodox church teachings; also known as Order of Preachers; created by Dominic de Guzman to attack heresy |
| Beguines | communities of women living in poverty,dedicated to prayer,begged to get by |
| The seven sacraments | imperative for salvation;Eucharist,baptism,marriage,penance,extreme unction,holy orders,and confirmation |
| The Virgin Mary | mother of Jesus,most important mediator with Jesus,judge of all sinners,many churches were dedicated to her (ex. Notre-Dame) |
| Relics | objects intimately connected to saints considered worthy of veneration by the faithful |
| Indulgences | brought a forgiveness of time spent in purgatory;granted for good works such as viewing relics and charitable contributions |
| Purgatory | place of punishment where soul could be purified before ascending to heaven |
| Pilgrimages | going to a holy area;considered a spiritual benefit;Rome and Santiago de Compostela were popular |
| Cathars/Albigensians | the best-known heresy;believed in dualist system |
| Holy Office/Inquisition | formal court whose job was to try heretics |
| Crusades | military campaigns to defend Christendom |
| Seljuk Turks | nomads from Central Asia who were converted to Islam and flourished as military mercenaries for the Abbasid caliphate and eventually took over and started exerting pressure on Egypt and the Byzantine Empire |
| Excommunications of 1054 | Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michale Cerularius (head of Byzantine Church) excommnicated each other creating a schism between the Catholic church and Eastern Orthodox |
| Pope Urban at Clermont | he rallied warriors to liberate Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the infidel;promised remission of sins to those who joined |
| First Crusade | 3 organized band of noble warriors took Jerusalem after 5-week siege amid horrible massacre of people;disobeyed Byzantine emperor and organized 4 crusader states |
| Crusader states | Edessa,Antioch,Tripoli, and Jerusalem;surrounded by enemies so grew dependent on Italian commercial cities |
| Saladin and the Third Crusade | Jerusalem fell in 1187;3 major monarchs joined this crusade;many things went wrong;Richard negotiated w/ Saladin to allow Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem |
| Children's Crusade | Nicholas of Cologne announced God had inspired him to lead thousands of young people until they reached Italy where the pope told them to go home. |
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