Anthro 2, 9
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Created by:
nguyenMAAAY on March 8, 2012
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 environmental archaeology | a branch of archaeology concerned especially with understanding the physical environment in which particular cultural systems operated |
| environmental archaeology | emphases on - the interaction between humans and the natural world - the concept of ecosystem |
| foraminifera | collected in deep sea cores - tiny, one-celled marine organisms; climate dependent - die and accumulate on the bottom of the ocean - changes in environmental conditions |
| oxygen isotope analysis | collected in ice cores - oxygen isotopes: 18O and 16O - as it becomes warmer, 18O/16O ratio in the water increases |
| evidence from the ocean | foraminifera and oxygen isotopes analysis |
| eustatic changes | fluctuation in sea level changes due to climate change |
| isostatic uplift or tectonic movement | the land has been raised up/lowered |
| ancient coast lines | eustatic changes or isostatic uplift/tectonic movement |
| Beringia | land bridge (plain) between Siberia and Alaska (___) during the glacial maximum - not just a bridge, but habitable area |
| geomorphology | study of the form and development of the landscape - sedimentology - micromorpology |
| micromorphology | The fine-level structures or morphology of an organism, mineral, or soil component visible through microscopy |
| sedimentology | study of how rocks are formed and also processes leading to their deposition |
| pollen analysis (palynology) | fluctuations in vegetation through time; pollen does not always represent past vegetation |
| phytolith analysis | sometimes called plant opals; minute particles of silica derived from the cells of plants |
| phytolith analysis | phytoliths survive after the rest of the plant has decomposed |
| phytolith analysis | some are specific to certain parts of the plant (e.g. stem or leaf) |
| phytolith analysis | can be found in soil (esp. hearths and ash layers), but also in pottery, plaster, etc |
| diatom analysis | unicellular algae that have cell walls of silica --> the water's salinity, alkanity, and nurtient stuats |
| plant DNA | --> vegetation, diet |
| seeds and fruits | ex. early Jomon plant seeds excavated from the Sanni Maruyama site and comparative specimens |
| plant residues | - residues in vessels - fibers as a tempering material to make pottery |
| wood/charcoal | charcoal: wood that has been burnt for some reason |
| SEM | scanning electronic microscope |
| zooarchaeology | insectivores, rodents, and bats birds and fish land molluscs (e.g. land snail) marine molluscs worms and insects macrofauna (large terresterial/marine mammals) |
| human modification of the living area | fire; hearths; caves; dwellings |
| human modification of the wider environment | gardens, pollution of air and water, land management using field systems, evidence for plowing, management of woodland and vegetation |
| environment management | human nature interaction - SITE CATCHMENT ANALYSIS human modification of the living area and human modification of the wider envrionment |
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