Parasitology Lecture Test 3
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PlanetMango on March 8, 2012
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184 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Flukes have what type of cycle? | Indirect |
| What are the flukes first intermediate host? | Snails |
| Genus name for intestinal Fluke? | Alaria |
| What is Scolex? | Mouthparts |
| What is a proglottid? | Tapeworm segments |
| Are tapeworms cm or meters in length? | can be several meters |
| How many tapeworms are present in one animal? | usually 100's |
| When the tapeworm segments are passed in the feces where will you find them? | on stool sample, hair coat, or on furniture and bedding |
| Do tapeworm segments look like rice or noodles? | rice |
| Should tapeworm segments be kept moist or dry? | moist for identification |
| What is the common name for Taenia pisiformis? | Tapeworm |
| What is the host for Taenia Pisiformis? | Dog not common in cats |
| What is the intermediate host for Taenia Pisiformis? | Rabbit |
| What is the common name for Taenia Taeniaformis? | Tapeworm |
| Who is the host for Taenia Taeniaformis? | Cat |
| What is the intermediate host for Taenia Taeniaformis? | Mouse and Rat |
| Where is the habitat for Taenia sp? | Small intestines |
| How do you identify a Taenia egg, and what size is it? | It is striated shell with 6 straight lines inside. 38u X 32u |
| How do you identify a Taenia adult? | Yellow and segments are rectangular |
| What is the distribution of Taenia? | Worldwide |
| How is taenia transmitted? | When the primary host eats the intermediate host containing the cysticeroid. |
| What are symptoms of Taenia ? | 1. Rubbing or licking at rear 2. Weight loss 3. pot-bellied appearance 4. Diarrhea and constipation |
| What is the prepatent Period for taenia? | 60 days |
| How can you control Taenia? | Prevent hunting |
| Is taenia zoonotic? | no |
| What is the common name for Diplidium? | Tapeworm |
| Who is the host for Diplidium? | Cats and Dogs |
| Where is the habitat for diplidium? | Small intestines |
| How do you identify Diplidium eggs, and what size are they ? | Occur in large packets. 200u X 150u |
| How do you identify Diplidium adults? | Tapered on both ends; looks like cucumber seeds |
| What is the distribution of Diplidium? | Worldwide |
| Who is the intermediate host for Diplidium? | Flea, and Louse |
| What is the lifecycle of Diplidium? | Indirect |
| What is the transmission for Diplidium? | Ingestion of the cysticercoid stage in the intermediate host such as the flea or louse while grooming |
| What are the symptoms for Diplidium? | Anal pruitis Weight Loss Possible diarrhea |
| What is the prepatent period for Diplidium? | 2-3 weeks |
| How do you diagnose Diplidium? | Segments on stool or in hair under tail Eggs ID on fecal float |
| How do you control Diplidium ? | Control fleas and lice |
| Is Diplidium zoonotic? | yes causes diplidiasis. must ingest the flea usually asyptomatic |
| What is the common name of Echinococcus? | Tapeworm |
| What is the common name of Echinococcus Granulosus? | Tapeworm |
| Who is the host for Echinococcus Granulosus? | Dog, wolf, coyote |
| Where is the habitat for Echinococcus? | Small intestines |
| What is the size of Echinococcus Granulosus? | 35u X 30u |
| What is the size of Echinococcus Granulosus? | 2-5mm long |
| What is the life cycle of Echinococcus Granulosus? | Indirect |
| Who is the intermediate host for Echinococcus Granulosus? | Large herbivores ( sheep, cattle, moose, deer ) Humans |
| How is Echinococcus Granulosus transmitted? | Ingestion of eggs Ingestions of Hydatid cysts in raw meat |
| What are the symptoms for Echinococcus Granulosus? | Usually asymptomatic |
| What is the prepatent period for Echinococcus Granulosus? | 7 weeks |
| Is Echinococcus Granulosus zoonotic? | Yes, HIGHLY pathogenic in humans |
| What is the common name for Echinococcus Multilocularis? | Tapeworm |
| Who is the host for Echinococcus Multilocularis? | Wild canines such as fox and coyotes. cats too |
| Where is the habitat for Echinococcus Multilocularis | Small intestines |
| What is the distribution for Echinococcus Multilocularis? | Canada/ Central US ( spread by the red fox ) |
| What is the life cycle of Echinococcus Multilocularis? | Indirect |
| What is the intermediate host of Echinococcus Multilocularis? | Small rodents |
| What is the transmission of Echinococcus Multilocularis? | Ingestion of intermediate host |
| What is the symptoms of Echinococcus Multilocularis? | Usually asymptomatic |
| What is the prepatent period of Echinococcus Multilocularis? | 4 weeks |
| How do you control Echinococcus Multilocularis? | Do not feed infected viscera to dogs. Eggs are destroyed by heat better than freezing. Full strength bleach will destroy |
| Is Echinococcus Multilocularis zoonotic? | Yes, most lethal form! From accidental ingestion of canine feces from fruits and vegetables. |
| What are the symptoms of Echinococcus Multilocularis in humans? | Stomach pain Fatigue Jaundice Cirrhosis of the liver |
| What is the common name of Diphyllobothrium? | Tapeworm |
| What is the scientific name of the Broad-fish tapeworm? | Diphyllobothrium |
| What is the intermediate host for Diphyllobothrium? | 2 intermediate hosts tiny crustacean and a fish |
| Who is the host for Diphyllobothrium? | Bears, dogs, cats, swine, fox and humans |
| What is the habitat for Diphyllobothrium? | small intestines |
| How do you identify Diphyllobothrium eggs and what size are they? | 75u X 45u one opperculum |
| How do you identify Diphyllobothrium? | up to 15 meters |
| What is the distribution of Diphyllobothrium? | North American Great Lakes; Baltic and Mediterranean seas Common in fish eating countries |
| What is the life cycle of Diphyllobothrium? | Indirect |
| What is the transmission of Diphyllobothrium? | eating raw, undercooked, or improperly frozen fish |
| What is the prepatent period? | 3-4 weeks |
| How do you diagnose Diphyllobothrium? | eggs in fecal float |
| How do you control Diphyllobothrium? | Prevent dogs from eating raw fish Freeze fish prior to eating |
| Is Diphyllobothrium zoonotic? | Yes |
| What is the treatment of all cestodes? | Cestacides - Praziquantel= Droncit - Epsiqrantel= Cestex |
| What is a trematode? | flatworms |
| Are flukes segmented? | no |
| Where are most adult flukes found? | in the intestinal tract, liver and lungs |
| How many operculums does a fluke have? | one |
| What is the first intermediate stage for a fluke? | snail |
| What is the common name for Alaria? | Intestinal fluke |
| What is the host for Alaria sp? | Fox, dog, cat |
| Where is the habitat for Alaria? | Small intestine |
| How do you identify a Alaria egg and what size is it? | 134u X 70u Yellowish brown, operculated |
| What size is an Alaria adult? | 2-10 mm |
| What is the distribution of Alaria? | Europe, North and South America, Africa, Australia and Japan |
| What is the life cycle of Alaria? | Indirect |
| Who is the intermediate host for Alaria? | Two intermediate hosts needed: 1. Snails 2. Mouse, frog or snake |
| What is the transmission of Alaria? | Ingestion of one of several intermediate hosts Possible transmammary host |
| What are the symptoms of Alaria? | mostly non-pathogenic Possible respiratory problems due to lung migration |
| What is the prepatent period of Alaria? | 35 days |
| How do you control Alaria? | Control eating of intermediate hosts Freezing or cooking will kill metacercariae |
| Is Alaria zoonotic? | Yes, frog's legs |
| What is the gold standard for treating Alaria? | Sedimentation |
| What is the common name of Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Salmon Poisoning fluke |
| What is the host for Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Raccoon, Wild carnivores, dog |
| Where is the habitat for Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Small intestine |
| How do you identify a Nanophyetus Salmincola egg and what size is it? | 70u X 40u, yellow brown with indistinct operculum |
| What is the size of an Nanophyetus Salmincola adult? | 0.5 - 1.5 mm |
| What is the distribution of Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Pacific Northwest, British Columbia, Alaska Areas connected with salmon fishing |
| What is the life cycle of Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Indirect |
| What is the intermediate host Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Two intermediate hosts 1. Snail eats the infective stage from host feces 2. Salmon eats metacercaria from snail |
| What is the transmission of Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Ingestion of raw salmon |
| What are the symptoms for Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Hemorrhagic enteritis Fever Ocular dishcharge |
| What is the prepatent period of Nanophyetus Salmincola? | 5-8 days |
| How do you diagnose Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Gold operculated eggs in feces Fecal floatation in sugar solution or fecal smear |
| What parasite needs to be treated for a bacterial infection? | Nanophyetus Salmincola |
| How do you control Nanophyetus Salmincola? | Controle eating of raw fish Freezing salmon |
| Is Nanophyetus Salmincola zoonotic? | Yes |
| What is the common name for Paragonimus Kellcotti? | Lung Fluke |
| Who is the host of Paragonimus Kellcotti? | Dog, cats, wild mammals |
| Where is the habitat for Paragonimus Kellcotti? | Lungs |
| How do you identify Paragonimus Kellcottvi eggs? | Gold and operculated 90u X 50u |
| How do you identify Paragonimus Kellcotti adults? | reddish-brown in color 0.5-1.5cm |
| What is the distribution of Paragonimus Kellcotti? | North America |
| What is the lifecycle of Paragonimus Kellcotti? | Indirect |
| Who is the intermediate host for Paragonimus Kellcotti? | Two 1. Snals 2. Crayfish |
| What is the transmission of Paragonimus Kellcotti? | Ingestion of intermediate host |
| How do you diagnose Paragonimus Kellcotti? | eggs in feces using sugar solution eggs found in sputum |
| What are the symptoms for Paragonimus Kellcotti? | Lethargy May cause chronic respiratory problems ( cough, dyspnea ) |
| What is the prepatent period? | 30-36 days |
| How do you control Paragonimus Kellcotti? | Control eating of crayfish |
| Is Paragonimus Kellcotti zoonotic? | No |
| What is the treatment for Flukes? | Cestacides - Praziquantel= Droncit - Epsiqrantel= Cestex |
| What is a protozoa? | single celled organisms |
| What is the common name for Isospora sp? | Coccidia |
| What is the common name for Eimeria sp? | Coccidia |
| Is Isospora sp or Eimeria sp more common? | Isospora sp |
| Who is the host for coccidia? | dog and cat ( birds, rabbits, ruminants, swine ) |
| What is the habitat for coccida? | Small intestines |
| What is the distribution for coccidia? | Worldwide, very common in US |
| What is the lifecycle for coccidia? | Direct |
| What is the transmission for coccidia? | ingestion of oocyst through fecal contamination. ingestion of intermediate host ( mouse/rat ) |
| What are the symptoms for coccidia? | asymptomatic ( symptoms usually seen in young animals with heavy infections ) bloody diarrhea dehydration weight loss death |
| What is the prepatent period for coccidia? | 10 days |
| How do you diagnose coccidia? | fecal exam for oocysts |
| How do you control coccidia? | Good sanitation oocysts can live up to 1 year in the soil |
| Is coccidia zoonotic? | no |
| How do you treat coccidia? | Not usually treated unless symptoms are present |
| Who is the host for Toxoplasma gondii? | Cat |
| What is the habitat for Toxoplasma gondii? | Invades the cell lining the small intestines -Can leave intestines to infect rest of body - Pseudocysts can be found in muscle tissue |
| How do you identify Toxoplasma gondii? | Tiny oocysts 12.5um X 11um |
| What is the distribution of Toxoplasma gondii? | Worldwide |
| What is the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii? | Direct and Indirect Direct form in the cat - oocysts in cat stool are eaten by new cat - invades cat intestine and more oocysts produced Indirect - oocysts are eaten by other animal ( many birds and mammals ) - Invades tissue and ifected tissue is eaten by cat - invades cell wall of intestines and oocysts are produced |
| How are Toxoplasma gondii transmitted? | - ingestion of oocysts from cat stool - ingestion of oocysts from contaminated soil - ingestion of tissue phase in raw meat - Transplacental transmission to the fetus |
| What are the symptoms of Toxoplasma gondii? | - most cats are asymptomatic - can be life threatening if the organism starts to invade other body tissues outside of the intestines |
| What is the prepatent period for Toxoplasma gondii? | 18-44 days when oocysts ingested 3-10 days when tissue cysts ingested |
| How do you diagnose Toxoplasma gondii? | - oocysts in fecal float -Serology testing |
| How do you control Toxoplasma gondii? | Clean litter box daily oocysts can be killed by heat ( not freezing ) Can remain infective inw ater and moist soil for up to 1 year |
| Is Toxoplasma gondii zoonotic? | Yes |
| What is the treatment for Toxoplasma gondii? | treatment of cat will not eliminate the zoonotic potential for pregnant women |
| What are the symptoms for Toxoplasmosis in humans? | -possible flu-like symtoms -headache and fever -enlarged lymph nodes |
| What are the symptoms for Toxoplasmosis in the fetus? | -Retardation -Microcephaly - Blindness |
| How many people have antibodies to Toxoplasma? | 1/2 billion |
| What are precautions pregnant women need to take regarding Toxoplasmosis? | - do not eat raw meat - do not change litter box - do not feed raw meat to cats -wash veggies well -wash hands after handling cats and raw meat |
| Who is the host for Cryptosporidium sp? | Large animals, small animals and rodents |
| Where is the habitat for Cryptosporidium sp? | Small intestines |
| How do you diagnose Cryptosporidium sp? | oocysts: 60um X 6um Oval to round Very small and difficult to diagnose |
| What is the distribution of Cryptosporidium sp? | Probably worldwide |
| What is Cryptosporidium sp lifecyle? | Direct |
| What is the transmission of Cryptosporidium sp? | Fecal oral route |
| What are symptoms for Cryptosporidium sp? | - Asymptomatic - Prolonged watery diarrhea - Weight loss |
| What is the prepatent period for Cryptosporidium sp? | 3 days |
| How do you diagnose Cryptosporidium sp? | Oocysts in the fecal float Indirect florescent antibody test |
| How do you control Cryptosporidium sp? | Good sanitation |
| Is Cryptosporidium sp zoomotic? | Yes, through stools - Dangerous to immune-suppressed people |
| What is the treatment for Cryptosporidium sp? | No treatment. Self-limiting Supportive and symptomatic care |
| What is the host for Giardia? | dog, cat, humans, livestock, wildlife |
| Where is the habitat for Giardia? | Attaches to the surface of cells in the small intestines |
| How do you identify Giardia cysts? | 18u X 10u Oval in shape |
| How do you identify Giardia trophozoites? | 17u X 10u Will be seen moving on a very fresh direct smear |
| What is the distribution of Giardia? | Worldwide |
| What is the lifecycle of Giardia? | Direct |
| How is Giardia transmitted ? | Ingestion of contaminated food or water or infected feces |
| What are the symptoms for Giardia? | - No symptoms ( small numbers ) - Severe watery blood tinged diarrhea, depression, Dehydration ( large number ) |
| What is the prepatent period for Giardia? | 2 weeks to 1 month |
| How do you diagnose Giardia? | Fecal float ELISA test |
| How do you control Giardia? | Strict sanitation Giardia vaccinations |
| Is Giardia zoonotic? | Yes Causes giardiasis ingestion of contaminated water |
| How do you treat Giardia? | Metronidazole ( Flagyl ) |
| How do you treat Toxoplasma? | Clindamycin (Antirobe) |
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