| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Work | Force exerted on an object that causes it to move. |
| Joule | A unit of work equal to one Newton-meter. |
| Machine | A device that changes the amount of force exerted or the direction in which force is exerted. |
| Input force | The force exerted on a machine. |
| Output force | force exerted on an object by a machine. |
| Mechanical advantage | The number of times the force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine |
| Efficiency | The percentage of the input work that is converted to output work. |
| Actual mechanical advantage | The mechanical advantage that a machine provides in a real situation. |
| Ideal mechanical advantage | The mechanical advantage that a machine would have without friction. |
| Inclined plane | A flat surface with one end higher than the other. |
| Wedge | An inclined plane that moves. |
| Screw | An inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral. |
| Lever | A rigid object that pivots about a fixed point. |
| Fulcrum | The fixed point around which a lever pivots. |
| Wheel and axle | Two circular or cylindrical objects that are fastened together and rotate about a common axis. |
| Pulley | A grooved wheel around which is wrapped a rope, chain, or cable. |
| Compound machine | A device that combines two or more simple machines. |
| Gears | Two or more wheels linked together by interlocking teeth. |
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