| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Sensory infor about head position & movement | what is the vestibular system important for |
| Gaze stabilization | what is the vestibular system important for |
| Postural adjustments & balance | what is the vestibular system important for |
| Semicircular canals | what are positioned at right angles to each other |
| Utricle | all 3 canals of semicircular canals are connected on both ends to the what |
| Ampullae | what is the swelling in the canals called |
| Sensory hair cells | what does each of the semicircular canals contain |
| Semicircular canals | what respond to movement of fluid in the canals cuased by acceleration/deceleration of the head in a rotational direction |
| Otolithic organs | what includes the utricle and saccule |
| Otolithic organs | what respond to linear acceleration/deceleration and head position relative to gravity |
| Macula | each otolithic organ contains a sensory receptor called what |
| Otoconia | what rest on top of the gelatinous fluid are sand-like crystals |
| Saccades | what has fast eye movement that switch gaze from one target to another |
| Smooth pursuits | what is used for following a moving object |
| Vergence | what is adjustments needed to focus on objects at different distances (medial/lateral eye movements) |
| VOR | what is gaze stabilization achieved by |
| Optokinetic reflex | what is gaze stabilization achieved by |
| VOR | what is important for stabilizing visual images while you are walking |
| Optokinetic reflex | what is elicited by moving objects in the visual field |
| Optokinetic reflex | what influences the perception of movement |
| Optic nerve lesion | what is loss of vision in ipsilateral eye |
| Optic chiasm lesion | what is loss of lateral part of each visual field |
| Optic tract lesion | what is loss of contralateral part of each visual field |
| Vertigo | what is an illusion of movement |
| Nystagmus | what is involuntary back and forth movements of the eyes |
| Disequilibrium | what is overload of visual stimuli causes disequilibrium & disorientation |
| Ataxia | what must be differentiated from cerebellar & sensory ataxia |
| Peripheral vestibular disorders | what is caused by damage to the vestibular apparatus or the vestibular nerve |
| BPPV | what is another name for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo |
| Benign | what is not malignant |
| Paroxysmal | what is sudden onset |
| Positional | what is provoking stimulus is head position |
| Vertigo | what is this is the main symptom |
| Displacement of otoconia from the macula into the semicurcular canals | what is the etiology and onset of BPPV |
| Spontaneously, due to trauma or infection | what is the etiology and onset of BPPV |
| Rapid head movements cause vertigo & nystagmus that subside in less than 2 min | what are signs and symptoms of BPPV |
| Problems getting in/out of bed, turning in bed, bending over or reaching upward | what are signs and symptoms of BPPV |
| Hallpike-Dix maneuver | how is BPPV diganosed |
| Canalith repositioning maneuver | how is BPPV treated |
| Superior rectus, Inferior rectus, Inferior oblique, medial rectus | what eye muscles does Occulomotor nerve (CN III) innervate |
| Superior oblique | what eye muscles does Trochlear nerve (CN IV) innnervate |
| Lateral rectus | what eye muscles does Abducens nerve (CN VI) innervate |
| Peripheral | which vestibular disorder is worse |
| Vestibular Neuritis | what is inflammation of the vestibular nerve |
| Viral infection | what is the usual cause of vestibular neuritis |
| Medication | how do you treat vestibular neuritis |
| Meniere's Disease | what is increased pressure in the innner ear |
| No known cause | what is the cause of meniere's disease |
| Tinnitus, veritgo, n/v, sensation of fullness in ear | what are signs/symptoms of meniere's disease |
| Perilymph fistula | what is fluid leaking out of the inner ear into the middle ear |
| Trauma | what is the cause of perilymph fistula |
| Tinnitus, hearing loss & veritgo | what are signs/symptoms of perilymph fistula |
| Bedrest and then surgery if needed | how is perilymph fistula treated |
| Stoke, TBI, brain tumor, MS, migraine ha | what is the etiology and onset of central vestibular disorders |
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