| Term | Definition |
|---|
| mandate | a country that has been placed under the control of another power by international agreement |
| Palestine | an Arab region is SWAsia called the Holy Land; controlled by Britain after WWI; had been the land of the Jews since 100BC |
| Arab-Israeli Wars | series of wars between 1948-1973; fought between Israel and Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Jordan & Lebanon |
| Kurd | a member of a group of mountain people who live in Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria & Turkey |
| Persian Gulf War | 1991 war between the USA & Iraq |
| OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| primary product | raw material |
| secondary product | goods manufactured from primary products |
| petrochemical | a product made from petroleum or natural gas |
| hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Ramadan | 9th month of the Islamic year; Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset |
| King Farouk | Egypt's last ruling king 1936-1952; shared control with Britain; son of King Faud |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | overthrew King Farouk becuase he resented British rule;ruled Egypt from 1954-1970 |
| Aswan High Dam | built to control the flooding of the Nile River; allows farmers to grow crops year-round |
| tradeoff | an exchange of one benefit for another |
| Anwar Sadat | president of Egypt from 1970-1981; signed first peace treaty with Israel |
| Muslim brotherhood | extremist Muslim group that insists Egypt be governed only by Islamic law |
| fellahin | peasant farmers; poorest Egyptians |
| Zionism | a jewish movement that encouraged Jews to return to their homeland |
| kibbutz | a farming village whose members own everything in common |
| Law of Return | states that Jews anywhere can immigrate to Israel and become citizens |
| Orthodox Jews | strict Jews that think Jewish law should help form government policy |
| Rosh Hashanah | Jewish New Year |
| Yom Kippur | Jewish Day of Atonement- fasting and reflecting on one's sins |
| secular | religious practices play a less important role in their lives |
| Mustafa Kemal | ruled Turkey from 1923-1938; westernized Turkey |
| Grand National Assembly | legislature of Turkey organized by Kemal Ataturk |
| Atatürk | Father of Turks |
| Tansu Ciller | Turkey's only woman prime minister 1993-1996 |
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