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inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood to the heart dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood to the trunk (lower body) kidney filters blood renal artery carries unfiltered oxygenated blood to the kidneys renal vein carries filtered deoxygenated blood from the kidneys ureter takes urine to the bladder bladder hold urine (muscular) urethra (2 sphinctors) where urine leaves the body cortex outer region of the kidney renal medulla fan-shaped structures where nephrons are located papilla small tubes in which urine from multiple nephrons drain renal pelvis collects urine from all nephrons before exiting the kidney efferent arteriole where filtered blood leaves the glomerulus renal arteriole brings unfiltered oxygenated blood to the nephron afferent arteriole brings unfiltered oxygenated blood into the glomerulus renal venule carries filtered deoxygenated blood back to renal vein collecting duct where final urine leaves nephron glomerulus ball of capillaries (*site of filtration) Bowman's Capsule collection cup for things that collects filtrate (*site of filtration) Distal tubule furthest away (relative to glomerulus); regulates pH and water content of blood peritubular capillaries provide oxygen to cells; reabsorb useful things from urine proximal tubules closest to the Bowman's Capsule; where salt balance occurs Loop of Henle Water movement between blood/filtrate occurs