Quiz 5
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spreadeagleoctopus on March 8, 2012
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exam 2
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 vascular plant | are characterized by interdependent function of leaves, stems, and roots called the vascular system |
| seedless plants | ferns and mosses |
| seed plants | gymnosperms and angiosperms |
| gymnosperms | usually have no cones, flowers, and seeds aren't inclosed in fruit; pines, spruces, and firs |
| angiosperms | means "covered seed", and are the most successful and advanced plants on earth |
| monocot | have one blade shaped cotyledon, class liliopsida |
| dicots | have two round cotyledons, class magnoliopsida |
| endosperm | During germination the young seedling is dependent upon the food stored within the cotyledons or ______. |
| shoot | The young plant does not become independent and manufacture its own food until the roots are partially developed and the _______ has reached the light. |
| seed coat | Mature ovule becomes the ______ _______. |
| epigeal | above ground emergence; hypocotyl being active and pulling the cotyledon above ground |
| hypogeal | below ground emergence; epicotyl elongates pushing the cotyledon above ground |
| parallel | monocot leaf venation pattern |
| net | dicot leaf venation pattern |
| simple dicot leaf | leaf blade, petiole, veins, node, stem |
| parts of monocot leaf | node, blade, sheath, stem, collar, auricle, ligule |
| simple leaf | composed of a single leaf and a petiole |
| compound leaves | are composed of a blade that includes several leaflets and a petiole, also contains a rachis |
| palmately compound | the lobes or divisions come together and are attached at one place at the base |
| pinnately compound | compound leaf with the leaflets on two opposite sides, but off of one node |
| parallel veins | small and run more or less parallel, most are long and narrow; mostly monocots |
| netted veins | are large and small, the small ones connecting to each other to form a net, mostly dicots |
| pinnately viened | with one larger midvein and smaller veins coming off along its legnth, mostly dicots |
| palmately veined | with two or more large veins arising at or near the base of the leaf blade, leaves are usually broad or fat, mostly dicots |
| tap root | dicots; seed contains an undeveloped embryo, embryonic root (radicle) grows by dividing and elongation of cells to form one primary root |
| fibrous root | monocots; embryos have a single radicle (root shoot) along with other embryonic roots (seminal roots) forming just above the radicle |
| carbohydrates (starch, sugars), proteins (amino acids), oils (fats) | 3 basic chemical components |
| embryo, energy source, outer covering | 3 basic seed components |
| cereals | have lots of carbohydrates stored in endosperm |
| legumes | have lots of proteins and oils stored in cotyledons |
| propagation | usually the product of sexual production |
| apomixis | non-sexual seed development |
| seed germination and seedling development | most susceptible stage of plant growth |
| germination | the sequence of events leading to the reinitiantion of active growth of embryo, rupture of seed covering and emergence of seedling |
| cotyledon | first leaves |
| first true leaves | real leaves |
| seedling parts | radicle (embryonic root), hypocotyl (embryonic shoot), cotyledons (seed leaves) |
| acotyledon | no cotyledons |
| radicle | the first part of the seed to emerge during germination, grows downward in the soil |
| hypocotyl | emerges and lifts the growing up above the ground after emergence of the radicle; develops into the stem |
| coleoptile | part of the cotyledon that protects the young stem and plumule as growth pushes them up through the soil |
| cotyledon | become the embryonic first leaves of a seedling and wither as first true leaves take over food production, contain the stored food reserves of the seed, may turn green and begin photosynthesis as used up |
| scutellum | a tissue within the seed that is specialized to absorb stored food from the adjacent endosperm |
| epigeal | ______ emergence expand on the germination of seed, throw off the seed shell, become photosynthetic above ground |
| hypogeal | not expanding, remain below ground, don't become photosynthetic |
| photomorphogenesis | dicot; grown in the light develop short hypocotyls, open cotyledons exposing the epicotyls |
| skotomorphogenesis | seedlings grown in the dark develop long hypocotyls, their cotyledons remain closed around epicotyl in an apical hook, seedlings are yellowish |
| skotomorphogenesis, photomorphogenesis | Breaking the surface and reaching the light _________ is switched to ___________. |
| cotyledons | The _________ open up upon contact with light and become green, forming the first photosynthetic organs of the young plant. |
| energy | Once the seedling starts to photosynthesize it no longer depends on the seeds ________ reserves. |
| apical meristem | typically the small single point like area at the tip of a shoot that supply cells for the plant to increase in length (grow up for shoots and down for roots) |
| dicot | cotyledon don't have vascular system ( no leaf venation) |
| apical bud | the primary growing point located at the apex (tip) of the stem |
| axillary bud | develops in the axil of a leaf of a plant |
| nodes | Axillary buds develop from ________ which then become a new stem. |
| secondary stems, flowers, leaves, roots | The axillary meristem can give rise to _________ ________, ________, _______, or ________. |
| intercalary meristems | Leaf blades and stems grow from ________ ________ (bottom of internode) ; only in monocots. |
| 1st node | attachment of scuttellum within the embryo |
| 2nd node | attachment of coleoptile, no whorl of roots develop here |
| 3rd node | attachment of first true leaves |
| plumule | New root comes from the _______ part. |
| viable seed, mature seed, oxygen, moisture, proper temperature | requirements for seed germination |
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