Chapter 6: How Cells release Energy
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Created by:
aposseadesse on March 9, 2012
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Biology 1408: Chapter 6, Cellular respiration
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 All organisms require a constant supply of...? | Energy |
| Where does ATP production occur in your cells? | Mitochondria |
| Reactants of Cellular respiration | 1 glucose, 6 oxygen |
| Products of Cellular respiration | 6 Carbon Dioxide, 6 Water, 38 ATP(energy) |
| Is Cellular respiration endergonic or exergonic? | exergonic; energy is released as ATP |
| 4 stages of Cellular respiration | 1.glycolysis(cytoplasm) 2.preparatory reaction(mitchondria) 3.Citric Acid Cycle(Krebs)(in mitochondria) 4. Electron Transport Chain(in mitochondria) |
| Coenzymes | electron carrier molecules; examples: NAD+(NADH), FAD(FADH2); transfer H+ and e- between reaction sites |
| glycolysis | means "splitting of sugar," occurs in cytoplasm, anaerobic; glucose(6 carbon)--->2 pyruvate(3 carbons each); substrates: 2 ATP, glucose; products:2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate |
| Mitochondria | "powerhouse of the cell," structure:double (inner and outer) membrane, cristae(folds of inner membrane), matrix(area between cristae |
| Preparatory reaction | occurs in the matrix of mitochondria; connects glycolysis to Citric Acid Cycle; pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA; Reactants: 2 pyruvate, Products: 2 Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2 |
| Citric Acid Cycle | occurs in matrix of the mitochondria; is a cyclic metabolic pathway; substrate(reactants): 2 Acetyl CoA; Products: 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP |
| Electron Transport Chain | Occurs in Cristae of mitochondria; is aerobic; reactants: 10 NADH,2 FADH2, 6O2; Products: 6 H2O, 34 ATP---every NADH can produce 3 ATP, every FADH2 can produce 2 ATP |
| What is known as the "ultimate electron acceptor?" | Oxygen |
| Chemiosmotic Phosphorylation | Energy released and captured during the passing down of electrons down a chain of protein carriers |
| Oxidation | giving up electrons(a redox reaction) |
| Reduction | increasing in number of electrons(a redox reaction) |
| What type of respiration if no Oxygen is available? | Anaerobic(Fermentation) |
| What are the two types of fermentation? | Alcholic and Lactate |
| When does fermentation occur? | In anaerobes(yeast and some bacteria); and in humans when need for ATP exceeds intake of Oxygen; only glycolysis happens during fermentation, producing only 2 ATP |
| Lactate Fermentation | inefficient breakdown of glucose; only produces 2 ATP, leads to muscle fatigue |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | products: 2 carbon dioxide, 2 ATP, ethanol; CO2 production causes bread to rise(ethanol burns off during baking); wine 14% alcohol, yeast cannot survive a higher alcohol concentration in wine, beer 18% |
| Chemical Biocide | biocide means "life killing" poisons that interrupt cellular respiration by shutting down electron transport chain; examples: antibiotics, cyanide, carbon monoxide, pesticides |
| Compound 1080 | used to control wolf population, shuts down preparatory reaction, was pulled off of the market |
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