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1. 4 stages of Cellular respiration: 1.glycolysis(cytoplasm) 2.preparatory reaction(mitchondria) 3.Citric Acid Cycle(Krebs)(in mitochondria) 4. Electron Transport Chain(in mitochondria)

2. Alcoholic Fermentation: products: 2 carbon dioxide, 2 ATP, ethanol; CO2 production causes bread to rise(ethanol burns off during baking); wine 14% alcohol, yeast cannot survive a higher alcohol concentration in wine, beer 18%

3. All organisms require a constant supply of...?: Energy

4. Chemical Biocide: biocide means "life killing" poisons that interrupt cellular respiration by shutting down electron transport chain; examples: antibiotics, cyanide, carbon monoxide, pesticides

5. Chemiosmotic Phosphorylation: Energy released and captured during the passing down of electrons down a chain of protein carriers

6. Citric Acid Cycle: occurs in matrix of the mitochondria; is a cyclic metabolic pathway; substrate(reactants): 2 Acetyl CoA; Products: 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP

7. Coenzymes: electron carrier molecules; examples: NAD+(NADH), FAD(FADH2); transfer H+ and e- between reaction sites

8. Compound 1080: used to control wolf population, shuts down preparatory reaction, was pulled off of the market

9. Electron Transport Chain: Occurs in Cristae of mitochondria; is aerobic; reactants: 10 NADH,2 FADH2, 6O2; Products: 6 H2O, 34 ATP---every NADH can produce 3 ATP, every FADH2 can produce 2 ATP

10. glycolysis: means "splitting of sugar," occurs in cytoplasm, anaerobic; glucose(6 carbon)--->2 pyruvate(3 carbons each); substrates: 2 ATP, glucose; products:2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

11. Is Cellular respiration endergonic or exergonic?: exergonic; energy is released as ATP

12. Lactate Fermentation: inefficient breakdown of glucose; only produces 2 ATP, leads to muscle fatigue

13. Mitochondria: "powerhouse of the cell," structure:double (inner and outer) membrane, cristae(folds of inner membrane), matrix(area between cristae

14. Oxidation: giving up electrons(a redox reaction)

15. Preparatory reaction: occurs in the matrix of mitochondria; connects glycolysis to Citric Acid Cycle; pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA; Reactants: 2 pyruvate, Products: 2 Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2

16. Products of Cellular respiration: 6 Carbon Dioxide, 6 Water, 38 ATP(energy)

17. Reactants of Cellular respiration: 1 glucose, 6 oxygen

18. Reduction: increasing in number of electrons(a redox reaction)

19. What are the two types of fermentation?: Alcholic and Lactate

20. What is known as the "ultimate electron acceptor?": Oxygen

21. What type of respiration if no Oxygen is available?: Anaerobic(Fermentation)

22. When does fermentation occur?: In anaerobes(yeast and some bacteria); and in humans when need for ATP exceeds intake of Oxygen; only glycolysis happens during fermentation, producing only 2 ATP

23. Where does ATP production occur in your cells?: Mitochondria