Biology Chapter 19
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 prokaryote | single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus |
| bacillus | rod-shaped bacterium |
| coccus | sphere shaped bacterium |
| spirillum | spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote |
| photoautotroph | organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds |
| chemoautotroph | organism that makes organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions |
| photoheterotroph | organism that is photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source |
| binary fission | type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells |
| conjugation | organism that obtains energy directly from inorganic molecules |
| endospore | type of spore that can remain dormant until favorable conditions for growth arise |
| nitrogen fixation | the process of converting nitrogen into a form that plants can use |
| flagellum | A slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim. |
| pathogen | disease-causing agent |
| antibiotic | compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria |
| virus | particle made up of nucleic acid and protein that can reproduce only by infecting living cells |
| capsid | outer protein coat of a virus |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| lytic infection | type of infection in which the host cell bursts and is destroyed |
| lysogenic infection | type of infection in which a host cell makes copies of the virus indefinitely |
| sterilization | the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce). |
| retrovirus | virus that contains RNA as its genetic information |
| prion | an infectious particle made of protein rather than DNA or RNA |
| lash, snake, glide along secrete | name the three ways bacteria can move: |
| binary fusion , conjugation, spores | name the tree ways bacteria can reproduce |
| botulism | is an illness caused by a potent bacterial poison which causes muscle weakness and paralysis |
| poison | what does virus mean in latin? |
| twisted cluster | what does the prefix "strepto" mean? |
| their shapes | bacteria are divided into two domains based on what? |
| obligate anaerobe | an organism that must live with out oxygen |
| cluster | the prefix "staph" means this |
| salmonella | the type of bacteria that causes food poisoning and is commonly found in meat |
| dealing with the lungs | the prefix "pneumo" means |
| obligate aerobe | an organism that needs oxygen to live |
| facultative anaerobe | an organism that can survive with or without oxygen is |
| break down complex compounds in sewage, created nitrogen, help ecosystem recycle nutrients | name three ways bacteria are helpful to our environment? |
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