PDA: Allergic Reactions-B2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists
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Created by:
alyssagould on March 9, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Allergic Reactions: Manifestations (4) | 1. Allergic rhinitis 2. Atopic eczema 3. Urticaria 4. Anaphylaxis |
| Histamine: 1. What is converted into histamine? 2. Where are these molecules stored? 3. Mast cells are rich at sites of.. 4. Where is non-mast cell histamine found? (2) | 1. Histidine 2. Mast cells 3. Potential tissue injury 4. Brain, stomach cells |
| Histamine Receptors Subtypes: 1. Where are H2 receptors found? 2. Where are H3 receptors found? 3. H4 receptors are involved with what cell type? | 1. Stomach 2. Brain, neurons 3. Immune cells |
| H1 Histamine Receptors: 1. This is the target for.. 2. Where are these found? (3) 3. Two functions | 1. Allergic reactions 2. Smooth muscle, endothelium, brain 3. Bronchoconstriction, vascular dilation |
| Central Nervous System: H1 Driven Actions | 1. Involuntary control (emotions, memory, appetite, sleep, thermal regulation, etc) |
| Peripheral Nervous System: H1 Driven Actions (5) | 1. Nasal/ocular pruritis (itchy nose and eyes) 2. Increased vascular permeability (a chemoattractant) 3. Flushing 4. Hypotension, tachycardia 5. Bronchoconstriction |
| H1 Receptor Antagonists (Anti-Histamines): Mechanism of action | Competitively inhibit H1 receptors on smooth muscle, blood vessels, and endothelium (doesn't affect other three receptors) |
| Anti-Histamines: Effects 1. Smooth muscle 2. Capillary permeability | 1. Inhibits vasoconstriction and promotes vasodilation 2. Inhibits increased permeability; results in decreased fluid movement (reduced swelling) |
| Anti-Histamines: Effects 3. Peripheral nervous system 4. Central nervous system | 3. Inhibits the nerve endings responsible for itching/burning sensation 4. Causes reduced alertness, slower reaction times, sedation (only affected by 1st gen H1 receptor antags) |
| 1st Generation H1 Receptor Antagonists (3) | 1. Dephenhydramine 2. Pyrilamine 3. Dimenhydrinate |
| 2nd Generation H1 Receptor Antagonists (3) | 1. Fexofenadine 2. Getirizine 3. Loratadine |
| Adverse: 1st Generation H1 Antagonists Only 1. CNS effects (2) 2. Blockade of muscarinic receptors (3) | 1. Sedation, "hangover" 2. Urinary retention, constipation, dry eyes |
| Adverse: 1st and 2nd Generation H1 Antags 1. Blockade of alpha adrenergic receptors (1) 2. Blockade of serotonergic receptors (3) | 1. Possible erectile dysfunction 2. Vasodilation/hypotension, increased appetite, increased weight gain |
| Are 1st or 2nd generation H1 antagonists more effective? | 2nd; lower incidence of adverse effects |
| 1st Generation H1 Antagonists: DI 1. Co-administration with levomethadyl or propoxyphene can result in.. (3) 2. Topiramate/zonisamide 3. CYP.. | 1. CNS/respiratory depression, hypotension, coma 2. Increased hyperthermia 3. Inhibitor |
| H1 Receptors Antagonists: 1. 2nd generation DI 2. Pregnancy category | 1. None 2. B (except fexofenadine - C) |
| Two Types of Asthma | 1. Extrinsic (hypersensitive to an antigen) 2. Intrinsic (initiated by non-immune mechanisms: exercise, aspirin, smoke, etc) |
| 1. What are used to diagnose obstructive lung disorders? (2) | 1. FVC (forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) |
| B2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: MOA 1. MOA 2. How does cAMP help cause relaxation of smooth muscle? | 1. cAMP production; muscle relaxation 2. It inhibits the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain |
| B2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: Adverse (4) | 1. Muscle tremors 2. Tachycardia/arrhythmias 3. Hypokalemia 4. Hypoxemia |
| B2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: DI (2) | 1. QT interval 2. Beta blockers interfere with action of B2 agonists |
| Short Acting B2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: 1. Used for the treatment of.. 2. Onset | 1. Acute bronchospasm 2. 1-5 minutes |
| Short Acting B2 Adrenergic Agonists (2) | 1. Terbutaline 2. Albuterol |
| Long Acting B2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: 1. Used for the treatment of.. 2. Onset | 1. Chronic asthma (used in combo w/ glucocorticoids) 2. 30-60 minutes |
| Long Acting B2 Adrenergic Agonists (2) | 1. Salmeterol xinafoate 2. Formoterol |
| Specific Functions: 1. Albuterol and terbutaline 2. Salmeterol 3. Epinephrine injection | 1. Short acting relief/prevention of exercise-induced asthma 2. For severe, persistent and/or nocturnal asthma 3. Non-selective; reserved for anaphylaxis |
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