Unit 5, 3rd set of 10
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Jmryan2012 on March 10, 2012
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10 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Fourteen Points | The war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations. Europe did not agree with these points, and preferred a greater impact on Germany in the way of reparations. 1)There should be no secret alliances between countries 2)Freedom of the seas in peace and war 3)The reduction of trade barriers among nations 4)The general reduction of armaments 5)The adjustment of colonial claims in the interest of the inhabitants as well as of the colonial powers 6)The evacuation of Russian territory and a welcome for its government to the society of nations 7)The restoration of Belgian territories in Germany 8)The evacuation of all French territory, including Alsace-Lorraine 9)The readjustment of Italian boundaries along clearly recognizable lines of nationality 10)Independence for various national groups in Austria-Hungary 11)The restoration of the Balkan nations and free access to the sea for Serbia 12)Protection for minorities in Turkey and the free passage of the ships of all nations through the Dardanelles 13)Independence for Poland, including access to the sea 14)A league of nations to protect "mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small nations alike." |
| League of Nations | International organization founded in 1919 (part of Wilson's 14 points) to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s. |
| Reparations | Payments for war damage. As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany. |
| War Guilt Clause | a provision in the Treaty of Versailles by which Germany acknowledged that it alone was responsible for WWI and agreed to pay a lot of reparations |
| Treaty of Versailles | The treaty imposed on Germany by France, Great Britain, the United States, and other Allied Powers after World War I. It demanded that Germany dismantle its military and give up some lands to Poland. It was resented by many Germans and can be seen as the fuel to fire WWII |
| Bolsheviks | Led by Vladimir Lenin, it was the Russian communist party that took over the Russian goverment during WWI. They established the Soviet Union, and became the majority communist party. They were a group of revolutionaries who wanted to create a group of proletariats in Russia without a class for the bourgeoisie. |
| Vladimir Lenin: Leninism | Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924) Leninism is Lenin's interpretation of Marxism. This included his belief that workers alone cannot organize a revolution; they need professional revolutionaries to give them a "shove" (inspiration), as well as his belief that sometimes a revolution must be slowed or reversed to ensure that power can be maintained by the proletariat. And finally, this made clear his belief that revolution can occur at any time, in any place, and not just in an advanced capitalist nation. This three points justified the need for Lenin and the Bolsheviks, the NEP, and all this occuring in Russia respectively. |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | A humiliating signed agreement between Russia and the Central Powers, mainly Germany, when Russia withdrew from the War. Russia surrendered Poland, the Ukraine and other territory. |
| War Communism | In World War I Russia, government control of banks and most industries, the seizing of grain from peasants, and the centralization of state administration under Communist control. Lenin gave the bread to the soldiers for the good of the country. Suffer now, for the good of the country, reward later. |
| New Economic Policy N.E.P. | Policy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private enterprises. Joseph Stalin ended the N.E.P. in 1928 and replaced it with a series of Five-Year Plans. |
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