Renaissance & Middle Ages
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Created by:
DanielleBoyd130900 on March 10, 2012
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 period in which in which this was carried by fleas on Asian Black rats brought to Europe on ships returning from Asia | Bubonic Plague |
| some causes for the spread of the Black Plague | overcrowded seasons, Poor sanitation, widespread malnutrition, poor hygiene led to loss of 1/3 of the population |
| Results of the black plague | economy in towns suffered greatly,high pay of workers,literature and art reflect pessimism |
| cause of the Hundred Years War | English Crown lay claim to the Duchy of Aquitaine in France and the French king confiscated that territory from English control |
| Joan of Arc | in 1429 led the french army to victory at Orleans during the crucual stage of war helped strengthen government later burned to the stake by the English |
| revolt that led to the end of serfdom in England largest revolt | English Peasant Revolt 1381 |
| *middle ages characterized by religious unity | ... |
| an early critic of the church who believed the church should only follow scripture followers called Lollards | John Wycliff |
| led a nationalist movement in Bohemia and later burned to stake, followers called Hussites | John Hus |
| 1305 a struggle between the Pope and the French King led to the election of a French Pope who set up his leadership in Avignon, France *Rome's economy damaged | Babylonian Captivity |
| occured in 1377 when election of two popes, one in Rome and one on France, neither who recognized each other *hurt church prestige | The Great Schism |
| solved the Great Schism | Conciliar Movement |
| Byzantine empire most dominent power in Europe in SE empire for thousand years intil this capital city was taken by the Ottoman Empire | Constinople |
| marriage for men mid 20's and women 16-18, divorice unheard of, economic reasons best for marriage | social standards for Middle Ages |
| became the cornerstone of late-mideval philosophy | Scholasticism, Middle Ages |
| Renaissance occurred first in | Italy 1300-1600 |
| characteristics of the Renaissance Time Period | -applied exclusicely for upper classes -little impact on common people -Jacob Burkhardt said it was exact contrast with Middle Ages -caused Italy to become more urban |
| nothern italian cities who developed international trade | Genoa, Venice, Milan |
| rule of merchant aristocracies, controlled much of Italy *fascade of Republican Government | oligarcies |
| one man rules and then hands down the right to rule to his son | signori |
| common people | populo |
| military leaders who controlled armies hired by cities for military purposes | condottieri |
| contract between merchant and "merchant advebturer" who agreed to take goods to distant locations and return with the proceeds | commenda |
| allied with other families in Florence and became unofficial ruler of the republic | Cosimo de Medici |
| significant patron of the arts nicknamed "the Magnificent" | Lorenzo de Medici |
| ruled Duchy of Milan, major enemy of Venice and Florence | Sforza family |
| created a relative 40-year period of peace in Northern Italy | Peace of Lodi |
| became the unofficial leader of France between 1494 and 1498 creater a theocracy, later burned to the stake | Girolamo Savonarola |
| wrote the Prince 1513 believed that the ends justifies the means, stated that for rulers "its better to be feared, than loved", rulers should behave like a lion and a fox | Niccolo Machiavelli |
| theory in revival of antiquity, strong belief in indivisualism and gresat potential of Human beings | Humanism |
| idea that education should prepare leaders who would be active in civic affairs | Civic Humanism |
| "father of Humanism", considered the first modern writer | Petrarch |
| Decameron his most famous work of Greek and Roman mythology | Boccacio |
| one of the most influencial humanist philosophers of the 15th century, founded the platonic academy at behest of Cosimo de Medici | Marsilio Ficino |
| wrote Oration on the dignity of Man believed humans were created by God and therefore given tremendous potential for greatness and even union with God if they desired it | Pico della Mirandola |
| wrote book of the courtier, specified qualities necessary to be a true gentleman, describer ideal renaissance man | Baldassare Castiglione |
| invented the moveable type and the first printing press | Johann Gutenburg |
| leader of Renaissance art especially in the quattrocento | florence |
| massive patronage mainly came from | wealthy-merchant families ex. Medicis |
| became the center of Renaissance art cinquecento | Rome |
| most notorious of Renaissance pope, spent huge sums on patronage | Pope Alexander VI |
| use of light and dark colors to create an illusion of depth | chiaroscuro |
| considered perhaps the first Renaissance painter | Giotto |
| created the Il Duomo was the largest dome in Europe at time of his construction | Fillipo Brunelleschi |
| sculpture artist first to create a nude statue, naturalism | Donatello |
| painted ceiling of sistine chapel | Michelangelo |
| reaction against the Renaissance ideals of balance, symmetry, simplicity, and realistic use of color | Mannerism |
| emphasis on early church writings that provided answers on how to improve society and reform the church | Christian Humanism |
| most famous of all northern humanists, wrote Praise of Folly | Erasmus |
| prime example of a civil humanist, he rose to the highest government position, wrote Utopia | Thomas More |
| wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel which satrized the French society | Francois Rabelais |
| doubt that knowlege could be obtained | skepticism |
| signigicant in patronizing the art of the Northern Renaissance in Germany | Fugger Family |
| During the Renaissance era women | -enjoyed access to education -lost some status became ornaments -influenced to please the man - sexual double standard *women chaste, men sow their wild oats |
| perhaps Europes first feminist, well educated wrote the City of Ladies which defends womens intellectual capabilities | Christine de Pisan |
| first lady of the renaissance, set an example for women to break away from their traditional ornament roles, founded a school for young women | Isabella d' Este |
| perhaps the first female artist to gain recognition in the post-renaissance era, baroque painter | Artemesia Gentileschi |
| European family pattern during this time was | nuclear families depending on economic considerations, dowries, increased infancide and abandonment, population increase |
| important female rulers | 1.Caterina Sforza 2.Isabella I-unified spain with her husband 3.Mary Tudor 4. Elizabeth I- ruled England 5.Catherine de Medicis |
| expressed that rulers should be wise and courageous as a lion and cunning as a fox, considered the first book of political science, raison d' etat (reason of state) | Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince |
| first gained fame as a diplomat but most famous for his book The Book of the Courtier, a how-to manual on winning fame and influence among the rich and powerful | Baldassar Castiglione |
| youngest of the great masters, made the school of athens, talented artist rival of Michaelangelo | Raphael |
| wrote works advocating equality of oppurtutnity for women | Laura Cereta |
| practice became a major role in politics an example of this was the Peace of Lodi signed which maitained peace for 40 years | Balance of Power politics |
| preached against secular focus on art and pagan philosophy, eventually taking over the Florence before being burned at the stake | Savernarola |
| military dictatorship in Milan for centuries | Visconti |
| known as the warrior pope, sponsered sistine chapel | Julius II |
| city state nicknamed the "serene republic" for its stability throughout the era | Venice |
| leader of the venetian goverment chosen by the great council and senate | doge |
| used strategies of centralization | 1. taxation 2. taming the aristocracy 3.codifying laws and creating courts 4.controlling warefare 5.early bureaucracy and officials 6. religious control |
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